The rat-iris–derived cells without any gene transfer did not differentiate into cells expressing photoreceptor-specific antigens, in our culture method. Although it has been reported that
Crx-transfected iris cells possibly express rhodopsin and recoverin, photoreceptor-specific antigens,
10 it is unknown whether other genes related to photoreceptor development have a function similar to that of iris cells. To determine whether rat-iris–derived cells have the potential to differentiate into photoreceptor-like cells after gene transfer, we first induced expression of
Crx,
NeuroD, and
Nrl, genes known to be essential for photoreceptor generation
(Fig. 2A) . Replication-incompetent retrovirus was applied to the iris-derived cells approximately 4 days after culture in serum-free medium, and cells were transferred into medium containing 1% FBS and 10 ng/mL bFGF, an environment that promotes retinal cell differentiation.
10 26 Ratios of rod-opsin immunoreactivity in the retroviral infected rat iris-derived cells were estimated in at least three independent samples. The average percentages of rod-opsin–positive cells per GFP-positive cells ± SEM are shown.
Crx could induce the differentiation of iris-derived cells into a photoreceptor-specific phenotype (CLIG-Crx, 97.9% ± 1.5%,
n = 3620), but none of the cells expressing
NeuroD or
Nrl were immunopositive for rod-opsin (
NeuroD, 0%,
n = 2062;
Nrl, 0%,
n = 2026;
Figs. 2E 2F 2G 2H 2I 2J ). The cells infected with CLIG-Crx were small and round, characteristic of rod photoreceptors in monolayer culture, whereas cells infected with CLIG showed an elongated morphology and no rod-opsin immunoreactivity (CLIG, 0%,
n = 2640;
Figs. 2B 2C 2D ). To ascertain whether
Crx responsiveness was relatively specific for iris-derived cells, we examined whether the cells derived from rat E17.5 telencephalon tissue, a population containing neural stem cells, would also respond to
Crx-induction to express photoreceptor-specific phenotypes. Although we transferred the
Crx gene into these telencephalon-derived cells, few of these cells acquired rod-opsin immunoreactivity (CLIG-Crx; brain; 1.9% ± 0.8%,
n = 1140;
Figs. 2N 2O 2P ), which may suggest that the embryonic neural stem cells existing in the embryonic telencephalon are intrinsically restricted in their response to
Crx.