Fifty female BALB/c mice weighing 18 to 20 g (Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME) were housed under standard conditions and maintained on laboratory chow and water ad libitum. An emulsion was prepared by mixing 2.0 mL of Tris-buffered saline containing 0.1 mg of the binding complex, isolated by performing gel filtration, with monophosphoryl lipid A and synthetic trehalose dicorynomycolate emulsion (MPL+TDM, R-700; Corixa, Hamilton, MT). The formic acid was removed by freeze drying. Twenty mice were immunized with three biweekly subcutaneous injections of 0.2 mL of this emulsion and comprised the test group. One week after the final immunization, 10 of the mice were injected intracorneally with the binding complex (10 mg in 10 mL saline) and 10 mice with live B. malayi microfilariae (20–30 per 10 mL) in their right eyes. Thirty control mice were immunized with ovalbumin (OA) in adjuvant. Ten of the control mice were challenged with intracorneal OA, 10 control mice with binding complex, and 10 with live B. malayi microfilariae in their right eyes in the same way as the test group. Animals underwent weekly slit-lamp biomicroscopic examinations and intensity of opacification (defined as degree of corneal clouding based on the visibility of iris details) and extent of neovascularization (defined as extension of vessels across the limbus toward pupillary area) were scored as follows: −, absent; ±, no corneal opacification/neovascularization at the limbus; +, corneal opacification clinically detectable but not obscuring the iris visualization/corneal neovascularization crossing the limbus and extending onto the clear cornea; ++, corneal opacification decreasing the iris details, but pupil visible/corneal neovascularization not extending onto the pupil; +++, corneal opacification obscuring the details of iris/corneal neovascularization crossing the papillary border. Animals were killed at various times after the antigen challenge, and eyes were removed for histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination. Treatment of animals adhered to the ARVO Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research.