The following short tandem repeat (STR) loci were amplified from patients’ DNA by using fluorescent PCR primers, Amplitaq Gold polymerase (Applied Biosystems), and standard multiplex reaction conditions: D1S498, D3S1292, D3S3606, D6S282, D6S1549, D7S484, D7S2252, D7S504, D7S530, D8S532, D11S4191, D11S987, D17S784, D14S972, D17S831, D17S957, D17S944, and D19S902. PCR products were diluted in water, pooled in formamide, and run on an ABI 3100 Avant Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). Genotype data were analyzed using GeneMapper version 3.7 (Applied Biosystems).
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) located in and near the IMPDH1 gene were selected from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)’s dbSNP (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=snp). DNA was genotyped for the following SNPs by using automated fluorescent sequencing as described above: rs53125, rs3828942, rs2290225, rs359652, rs3763398, rs2288550, rs2278294, rs2278293, rs2288553, and rs2288555.