Unless otherwise stated, all chemicals were of reagent-grade quality and were purchased from Sigma Chemical (St. Louis, MO). GPI-15427 was obtained from MGI Pharma (Baltimore, MD). Rabbit polyclonal anti–nitrotyrosine (NT) antibody and mouse monoclonal anti–NT antibody, clone 1A6, were purchased from Upstate (Lake Placid, NY), and mouse monoclonal anti–poly(ADP-ribose) antibody was purchased from Trevigen, Inc. (Gaithersburg, MD). Mouse monoclonal anti–BiP (immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein)/GRP78 (78-kDa glucose-regulated protein) antibody was purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA). Rabbit polyclonal GRP94 antibody was purchased from Abcam Inc. (Cambridge, MA). Secondary Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti–rabbit and Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti–mouse antibodies, antifade reagent (Prolong Gold), 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and hydroxyethidine were purchased from Invitrogen (Eugene, OR). Biotinylated anti–rabbit and anti–mouse antibody, avidin/biotin blocking kit, ABC kit (Vectastain Elite; Standard), and DAB substrate kit were obtained from Vector Laboratories (Burlingame, CA). Mouse monoclonal anti–glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody and two in situ apoptosis detection kits (ApopTag Plus Fluorescein and ApopTag Peroxidase; Chemicon International, Temecula, CA). A caspase assay kit (EnzChek Caspase-3) was purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). Mounting medium (Micromount) was purchased from Surgipath Medical (Richmond, IL). Other reagents for immunohistochemistry were purchased from Dako Laboratories (Santa Barbara, CA).