However, despite these specific gene differences, many, although not all, sex-related variations in ontology categories were remarkably similar between WT and ArKO mice (
Table 11). The 17 highest
z scores of biological process ontologies (Affymetrix, ≥30 genes/ontology) in the WT male were also all increased in the ArKO male. These included an upregulation of RNA splicing and processing, DNA replication, and cell-cycle processes in both genotypes. In an analogous manner, a number of the increased
z scores in biological process ontologies of female glands were elevated in both WT and ArKO mice. These included antiapoptosis, tissue development, cell proliferation, and protein complex biogenesis (
Table 11). These similarities in many WT and ArKO ontology responses were also observed in the molecular function and cellular component categories (
Table 11; ≥20–46 genes/ontology), as well as in KEGG pathways (e.g., female, focal adhesion,
z scores = 2.74 and 6.29; male, cell cycle,
z scores = 2.66 and 3.09). Of interest, female ArKO mice also had significant increases in a variety of immune function ontologies, whereas male ArKO mice had increases in mitotic ontologies (
Table 12). There were a number of sex-related parallels in the CodeLink data that were similar to those described above for Affymetrix ontologies (e.g., male, glycerophospholipid metabolism, z scores = 3.50 and 2.09).