June 2013
Volume 54, Issue 15
Free
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   June 2013
Optimal waveform parameters for extracellular activation of RGCs
Alex Hadjinicolaou; Craig Savage; David Garrett; Nicholas Apollo; Shaun Cloherty; Michael Ibbotson; Brendan O'Brien
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • Alex Hadjinicolaou
    National Vision Research Institute, Australian College of Optometry, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
    Division of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  • Craig Savage
    NeuroEngineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
    Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • David Garrett
    School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • Nicholas Apollo
    School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • Shaun Cloherty
    National Vision Research Institute, Australian College of Optometry, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
    Division of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  • Michael Ibbotson
    National Vision Research Institute, Australian College of Optometry, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
    ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision Science, Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • Brendan O'Brien
    National Vision Research Institute, Australian College of Optometry, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
    ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision Science, Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships Alex Hadjinicolaou, None; Craig Savage, None; David Garrett, None; Nicholas Apollo, None; Shaun Cloherty, None; Michael Ibbotson, None; Brendan O'Brien, None
  • Footnotes
    Support None
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2013, Vol.54, 3399. doi:https://doi.org/
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      Alex Hadjinicolaou, Craig Savage, David Garrett, Nicholas Apollo, Shaun Cloherty, Michael Ibbotson, Brendan O'Brien; Optimal waveform parameters for extracellular activation of RGCs. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2013;54(15):3399. doi: https://doi.org/.

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Abstract

Purpose: Retinal prostheses seek to restore visual perception in the blind through electrical stimulation of surviving retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). While increased stimulus amplitude often results in greater neural activity, the influence of other waveform parameters such as phase duration on efficacy is unclear. We wished to determine the waveform parameters most effective in activating RGCs using planar electrodes fabricated from nitrogen-doped diamond.

Methods: We made whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from 40 A2-type RGCs in retinal whole mount preparations from 26 Sprague-Dawley rats. Membrane potential recordings were amplified (NPI, BA-1S), sampled at 50kHz and stored in digital form. Cells were stimulated using a 200μm square diamond electrode positioned epiretinally over the soma and driven by current injection (Multichannel Systems, MCS-4004). Stimuli were delivered against a distant monopolar return electrode.

Results: Phase duration and polarity had the largest effect on activation thresholds - cells were most responsive to cathodic pulses of short phase duration. Waveform asymmetry and increases in interphase interval affected lower thresholds. Efficacy for 20Hz and 200Hz stimulation dropped to ~65% and ~30% of efficacy at 1Hz respectively by the 20th pulse. Interestingly, cell size was found to correlate with temporal frequency tuning characteristics. Smaller A2 cells were better capable of following frequencies greater than 50Hz.

Conclusions: These results suggest that a careful choice of electrical waveform parameters can significantly improve prosthesis efficacy.

Keywords: 508 electrophysiology: non-clinical • 688 retina  
© 2013, The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc., all rights reserved. Permission to republish any abstract or part of an abstract in any form must be obtained in writing from the ARVO Office prior to publication.
Copyright © 2015 Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.
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