June 2013
Volume 54, Issue 15
Free
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   June 2013
Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers and the 20-Year Cumulative Incidence of Age-related Macular Degeneration: the Beaver Dam Eye Study
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • Ronald Klein
    Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
  • Chelsea Myers
    Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
  • Sudha Iyengar
    Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
  • Theru Sivakumaran
    Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
  • Karen Cruickshanks
    Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
    Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
  • Kristine Lee
    Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
  • Ronald Gangnon
    Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
    Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
  • Barbara Klein
    Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships Ronald Klein, None; Chelsea Myers, None; Sudha Iyengar, None; Theru Sivakumaran, None; Karen Cruickshanks, None; Kristine Lee, None; Ronald Gangnon, None; Barbara Klein, None
  • Footnotes
    Support None
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2013, Vol.54, 369. doi:
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      Ronald Klein, Chelsea Myers, Sudha Iyengar, Theru Sivakumaran, Karen Cruickshanks, Kristine Lee, Ronald Gangnon, Barbara Klein; Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers and the 20-Year Cumulative Incidence of Age-related Macular Degeneration: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2013;54(15):369.

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      © ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)

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Abstract

Purpose: To determine whether inflammatory and oxidative stress markers are associated with the 20-year cumulative incidence of early and late age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: A randomized sample of the Beaver Dam Eye Study cohort of 1597 persons was identified for assessment of 4 inflammatory markers (serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein [CRP], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and white blood cell [WBC] count) and 2 oxidative stress markers (serum isoprostane and total carbonyl content [TCC]) at baseline and were examined at 4 follow-up exams spaced 5 years apart. AMD was assessed from fundus photographs using the modified Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System. Genetic risk was defined by the number of risk alleles for variants of Complement Factor H (1061170) and Age-Related Maculopathy Susceptibility 2 (rs10490924) as low (0-1, n=1063), intermediate (2, n=416) and high (3-4, n=118).

Results: The 20-year cumulative incidence of early AMD was 20.4% and for late AMD it was 3.8%. While adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, genetic risk status and other risk factors, only CRP (reported as odds ratio trend per quartile, P value for test of trend; 1.23, p=0.008) and IL-6 (1.18, p=0.04) were statistically significantly associated with the 20-year incidence of early AMD, and only CRP (1.44, P=0.04) was associated with the 20-year cumulative incidence of late AMD. Similar models were run stratifying by genetic risk. In the intermediate risk group, CRP (1.77, P=0.0001), TNF-α (1.54, P=0.006) and IL-6 (1.41, P=0.02) were associated with the risk of early AMD. CRP (2.13, p=0.01) and TNF-α (2.62, p=0.04) were also were associated with the 20-year cumulative incidence of late AMD. Among those in the high genetic risk group, isoprostane (2.13, P=0.04), TCC (2.03, P=0.04) and WBC count (2.07, P=0.03) were associated with the cumulative incidence of early AMD.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest a relation of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers to the 20-year cumulative incidence of early and late AMD in those with intermediate and high genetic risk.

Keywords: 412 age-related macular degeneration • 557 inflammation • 463 clinical (human) or epidemiologic studies: prevalence/incidence  
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