Abstract
Purpose:
To determine the optimal design of pinhole contact lenses (PCLs) without refractive power to obtain a full range of vision from far to near using ray tracing software.
Methods:
We used five PCL designs in this study: design 1, a 2-mm central clear zone with a 6-mm opaque zone; design 2, five randomly positioned clear zones 2 mm in diameter in the 8-mm opaque zone; design 3, eight randomly positioned clear zones 2 mm in diameter in the 8-mm opaque zone. Simulated retinal images with the PCLs at 5 and 0.3 meter were obtained using an optical design software and a Liou & Brennan eye model with an 8-mm corneal diameter, a 3-mm pupil diameter, a -1.0-diopter refraction, and a 555-nm wavelength. The modulation transfer functions (MTFs) also were calculated in each condition.
Results:
Among the three designs, design 3 performed the best.
Conclusions:
Our results suggested that a PCL without refractive power might be useful to obtain a full range of vision from far to near if designed optimally, and the central clear zone may not always be necessary for a PCL.
Keywords: 653 presbyopia •
477 contact lens •
676 refraction