June 2013
Volume 54, Issue 15
Free
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   June 2013
Beyond Screening for Risk Factors…The Objective Detection of Strabismus and Amblyopia
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • Susan Yanni
    Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, TX
  • Reed Jost
    Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, TX
  • Cynthia Beauchamp
    Pediatric Ophthalmology and the Center for Adult Strabismus, Dallas, TX
  • David Stager
    Pediatric Ophthalmology and the Center for Adult Strabismus, Dallas, TX
  • Stager David
    Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus, Plano, TX
  • Lori Dao
    Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus, Plano, TX
  • Molly Nolan
    Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, TX
  • Eileen Birch
    Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, TX
    Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships Susan Yanni, Rebiscan, Inc. (F), Fight For Sight Post-Doctoral Fellowship (F); Reed Jost, None; Cynthia Beauchamp, None; David Stager, None; Stager David, None; Lori Dao, None; Molly Nolan, None; Eileen Birch, None
  • Footnotes
    Support None
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2013, Vol.54, 5981. doi:
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    • Get Citation

      Susan Yanni, Reed Jost, Cynthia Beauchamp, David Stager, Stager David, Lori Dao, Molly Nolan, Eileen Birch; Beyond Screening for Risk Factors…The Objective Detection of Strabismus and Amblyopia. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2013;54(15):5981.

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      © ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)

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Abstract

Purpose: The Pediatric Vision Scanner (PVS) directly detects strabismus and amblyopia by analyzing binocular scans for retinal birefringence, which is characteristic of steady, bifoveal fixation. In a preliminary study (AAPOS 2012), the PVS demonstrated 98% sensitivity and 88% specificity. Here we report the sensitivity and specificity for a larger cohort, with confidence intervals, and analyses of screening errors.

Methods: 250 children (2-6y) were enrolled; 147 with strabismus and/or amblyopia, and103 controls. In addition to the PVS, children were tested with the SureSight™ Vision Screener and the Randot® Preschool Stereoacuity Test (RPST). Each test yielded a recommendation of “pass” or “refer.” A comprehensive pediatric ophthalmic exam served as the gold-standard.

Results: The PVS correctly identified 144 of 147 children with strabismus and/or amblyopia, [sensitivity = 98% (95%CI: 95-100%)] and 90 of 102 control children [specificity = 88% (95%CI: 80-96%)]. The PVS missed 3 children with amblyopia and referred 12 control children. The SureSight™ (sensitivity = 63%; specificity = 69%) and RPST (sensitivity = 79%; specificity = 77%) were less accurate. The SureSight™ missed 49 and the RPST 29 children with strabismus and/or amblyopia. The SureSight™ mistakenly referred 32 and the RPST 29 control children. Using Bayesian analysis to estimate test performance in a preschool screening setting (assuming 4% prevalence), accuracies of 89%, 69%, and 77% were predicted for the PVS, SureSight™, and RPST tests, respectively.

Conclusions: The PVS identifies children with strabismus and/or amblyopia with high sensitivity, outperforming the SureSight™ and the RPST. Preschool vision screening may be more efficient with a device that directly detects strabismus and/or amblyopia.

Keywords: 417 amblyopia • 722 strabismus • 709 screening for ambylopia and strabismus  
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