June 2013
Volume 54, Issue 15
Free
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   June 2013
The Epidemiology of Lower Eyelid Trachomatous Trichiasis among Upper Eyelid Trichiasis Surgery Patients
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • Sandra Cassard
    Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
  • Shannath Merbs
    Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
  • Jennifer Harding
    Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
  • Beatriz Munoz
    Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
  • Sheila West
    Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
  • Emily Gower
    Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
    Epidemiology and Prevention and Ophthlamology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships Sandra Cassard, None; Shannath Merbs, None; Jennifer Harding, None; Beatriz Munoz, None; Sheila West, None; Emily Gower, None
  • Footnotes
    Support None
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2013, Vol.54, 869. doi:
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      Sandra Cassard, Shannath Merbs, Jennifer Harding, Beatriz Munoz, Sheila West, Emily Gower; The Epidemiology of Lower Eyelid Trachomatous Trichiasis among Upper Eyelid Trichiasis Surgery Patients. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2013;54(15):869.

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      © ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)

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Abstract
 
Purpose
 

Little is known about the epidemiology of lower eyelid trachomatous trichiasis. This study was conducted to determine risk factors for the development of lower eyelid trichiasis within 1 or 2 years of initial upper eyelid trichiasis surgery.

 
Methods
 

Participants enrolled in the Partnership for the Rapid Elimination of Trachoma Surgery Trial were examined 1 and 2 years after surgery to correct upper eyelid trichiasis. Ocular exams included assessment of the presence of lower eyelid trichiasis. Participants with and without lower eyelid trichiasis at 2 years after upper eyelid surgery were compared on demographic and baseline ocular characteristics. In addition, participants with lower eyelid trichiasis at 1 year and 2 years following upper eyelid surgery were compared to those who developed it between 1 and 2 years (incident lower eyelid trichiasis). Multivariable models, controlling for within participant correlations, were constructed to assess risk factors for lower eyelid trichiasis.

 
Results
 

2718 eyes of 1673 participants were evaluated 2 years after upper eyelid trichiasis surgery. 316 eyes (11.6%) had lower eyelid trichiasis at the 2 year follow-up visit. Of these, 218 (69.0%) also had lower eyelid trichiasis at 1 year and 98 (31.0%) developed it between the 1 and 2 year follow-up visits. The likelihood of lower eyelid trichiasis at 2 years increased with increasing baseline severity of upper eyelid trichiasis (p<0.0001). Trichiatic lashes originating from the nasal aspect of the upper eyelid at baseline were independently associated with an increased risk of lower eyelid trichiasis at 2 years after controlling for locations of other trichiatic lashes at baseline, age, gender and baseline severity of upper eyelid trichiasis (p=0.0009). Presence of nasal upper eyelid trichiatic lashes at baseline and older age were independently associated with having lower eyelid trichiasis by 1 year compared to those with incident lower eyelid trichiasis between 1 and 2 years (p=0.024 and p=0.048, respectively), controlling for other baseline covariates noted above.

 
Conclusions
 

Surgical programs to correct trachomatous trichiasis typically are aimed at rectifying upper eyelid trichiasis. Lower eyelid trichiasis is common and should be integrated into surgical programs and trichiasis research. Upper eyelid trichiasis in the nasal aspect may predict future development of lower lid trichiasis.

 
Keywords: 736 trachoma • 526 eyelid • 464 clinical (human) or epidemiologic studies: risk factor assessment  
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