December 1998
Volume 39, Issue 13
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Articles  |   December 1998
Nocturnal elevation of intraocular pressure in young adults.
Author Affiliations
  • J H Liu
    Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0946, USA.
  • D F Kripke
    Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0946, USA.
  • R E Hoffman
    Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0946, USA.
  • M D Twa
    Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0946, USA.
  • R T Loving
    Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0946, USA.
  • K M Rex
    Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0946, USA.
  • N Gupta
    Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0946, USA.
  • R N Weinreb
    Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0946, USA.
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science December 1998, Vol.39, 2707-2712. doi:
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      J H Liu, D F Kripke, R E Hoffman, M D Twa, R T Loving, K M Rex, N Gupta, R N Weinreb; Nocturnal elevation of intraocular pressure in young adults.. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1998;39(13):2707-2712.

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      © ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)

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Abstract

PURPOSE: To distinguish 24-hour (circadian) and postural effects on intraocular pressure (IOP) in healthy young adults. METHODS: Thirty-three volunteers were housed in a sleep laboratory for 1 day under a strictly controlled 16-hour light and 8-hour dark environment. Sleep was encouraged in the dark period. Intraocular pressure was measured in each eye every 2 hours using a pneumatonometer. Researchers used night-vision goggles to perform IOP measurements in the dark, while the subject's light exposure was minimized. In the first group of 12 subjects, measurements were taken with subjects in the sitting position during the light-wake period and supine during the dark period. In the second group of 21 subjects, all IOP measurements were taken with the subjects supine. RESULTS: Average IOP was significantly higher in the dark period than in the light-wake period in both groups. The lowest IOP occurred in the last light-wake measurement, and the peak IOP occurred in the last dark measurement. The trough-peak difference in IOP was 8.2+/-1.4 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM) in the first group. Intraocular pressure changed sharply at the transitions between light and dark. In the second group, the trough-peak IOP difference was 3.8+/-0.9 mm Hg. Intraocular pressure changed gradually throughout the 24-hour period. In comparison with the sitting IOP in the first group, the supine IOP in the second group was significantly higher during the light-wake period. CONCLUSIONS: Circadian rhythms of IOP were shown in young adults, with the peaks occurring in the late dark period. A nocturnal IOP elevation can appear independent of body position change, but change of posture from upright to recumbent may contribute to the relative nocturnal IOP elevation.

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