Population-Based Studies (Cross-sectional) | | | | | | | | | |
Anton 2004 16 | GAT | Ophthalmologists | Ophthalmic examination | 569 | 510 | (40–79) | M: 232; F: 278 | Spain (Segovia Study) | N/S |
Bengtsson 1980 17 | GAT | Ophthalmologists | Ophthalmic examination | 1938 | 1511 | (55–69) | N/S | Sweden (Dalby Population Survey) | 1977–1978 |
Bonomi 2001 18 | GAT | Ophthalmologists | Follow-up confirmation | 5816 | 4297 eyes of 4297 people | (40–80+) | M: 1882; F: 2415 | Italy (Egna-Neumarkt Study) | N/S |
Detry-Morel 2004 20 | FDT C-20-5 | Residents in training, paramedical staff | Ophthalmic examination | 1802 | 3211 eyes of 1620 people | 63 (22–97) | M: 680; F: 940 | Belgium | Oct 1999 |
Harasymowycz 2005 21 | HRT II | Ophthalmic photographer | Ophthalmic examination | 303 | 264 right eyes, 265 left eyes of 271 people | 62.2 (SD 11.6) | M: 90; F: 179 | Canada | Aug 2003–Feb 2004 |
Hollows 1966 22 | GAT | Ophthalmologists | Ophthalmic examination | 4608 | 4231 | 55 (40–74) | Approx: M: 3639; F: 592 | UK (Rhondda Valley Study) | Summer 1963 |
Ivers 2001 23 | SAP suprathreshold; GAT | N/S | Ophthalmic examination | 4433 | 3654 (both tests) | (49–97) | M: 1582; F: 2072 | Australia (Blue Mountains Eye Study) | 1992–1994 |
Katz 1991 24 | SAP threshold | N/S | Ophthalmic examination | 355 | 355 eyes of 355 people | Cases: 61; controls: 53 | N/S | USA (Glaucoma Screening Study) | 1981–1992 |
Katz 1993 25 | SAP suprathreshold | N/S | Ophthalmic examination | 5308 | 4733 | (40–80+) | M: 2109; F: 3199 | USA (Baltimore Eye Survey) | Jan 1985–Nov 1988 |
Kozobolis 2000 27 | GAT | Uncertain | Ophthalmic examination | 1300 | 1107 | (40–80+) | M: 463; F: 644 | Greece (Crete, Greece Glaucoma Study) | Feb 1993–June 1998 |
Mansberger 2005 28 | FDT C-20-5 | N/S | Ophthalmic examination | 296 | 251 eyes of 251 people | 45 (30–65) | M: 117; F: 174 | India | N/S |
Mundorf 1989 29 | SAP suprathreshold | N/S | Ophthalmic examination | 145 | 145 | 71 | M: 40; F: 105 | USA | N/S |
Robin 2005 30 | Ophthalmoscopy; HRT II; SAP threshold; FDT C-20-5 | Appropriately trained staff | Ophthalmic examination | 704 | 261 eyes of 261 people (all tests) | 65 | M: 281; F: 378 | Australia | Nov 2001 |
Weih 2001 37 | Ophthalmoscopy | N/S | Consensus by panel of ophthalmologists, based on results of ophthalmic examination | 4744 | 4636 | 59 (SD 12) | M: 2230; F: 2514 | Australia (Visual Impairment Project) | 1992–1996 |
Wolfs 1999 38 | Optic disc photography | Technicians | Ophthalmic examination | 6777 | 5143 eyes of 5143 people | (55 and over) | N/S | Netherlands (Rotterdam Eye Study) | N/S |
Yamada 1999 39 | OKP; FDT C-20-1 | Technicians | Decision of glaucoma specialists, based on ophthalmic records | 259 | 175 eyes of 175 people (OKP); 240 eyes of 240 people (FDT) | FDT: 59.6 (SD 14.7); OKP: 58.8 (SD 15.6) | M: 108; F: 135 | USA | N/S |
Population-Based Studies (Cohort) | | | | | | | | | |
Christoffersen 1995 19 (Patient source; general practice) | OKP | GPs, medical secretaries | Ophthalmic examination | 195 | 187 | 57 (40–84) | M: 51; F: 136 | Norway | N/S |
Vernon 1990 32 (Patient source: general practice) | Ophthalmoscopy; SAP suprathreshold; NCT | Ophthalmoscopy: experienced ophthalmol-ogists; NCT/SAP: non-ophthalmically trained staff | Ophthalmic examination | 988 | 854 (ophth); 855 (SAP); 874 (NCT) | 65 | M: 374; F: 500 | UK | N/S |
Wang 1998 36 (Patient source: general practice) | Ophthalmoscopy; SAP suprathreshold; GAT (RNFL photography) | N/S | Ophthalmic examination | 530 from primary care clinic) | 400 (ophth); 214 (SAP); 357 (GAT) [136 (RNFL photo)] | (40–65+) | M: 111; F: 294 | USA | Jul 1991–Feb 1992 |
Population-Based Studies (Case–Control) | | | | | | | | | |
Vitale 2000 34 (Patient source: Cases and controls: sample of patients with and without glaucoma from the Baltimore Eye Study Follow-up Study) | Optic disc photography; SAP suprathreshold | Experienced technicians | Follow-up confirmation | 249 | 182 (disc photo); 228 (SAP); | 68 | M: 100; F: 149 | USA (Baltimore Eye Study Follow-up) | 1994 |
Already-Suspect Population (Cohort Studies) | | | | | | | | | |
Ekstrom 1993 40 (Patient source: people previously examined in a population-based glaucoma survey) | GAT | N/S | Follow-up confirmation | 760 | 413 | (65–74) | M: 364; F: 396 | Sweden (Tierp Glaucoma Survey) | Mar 1984–Mar 1986 |
Hammond 1979 41 (Patient source: eye clinic) | Ophthalmoscopy | Nurses skilled in use of the ophthalmoscope | Ophthalmic examination | 219 | 188 | (21 and over) | N/S | USA | N/S |
Khong 2001 42 (Patient source: eye clinics) | FDT C-20-5 | N/S | Ophthalmic examination | 228 | 113 | 68.5 (23–91) | M: 104; F: 119 | Australia | Dec 1999–Jan 2000 |
Leibowitz 1980 43 (Patient source: Framingham Eye Study) | GAT | Generally performed by 2nd or 3rd year residents in ophthalmology | Follow-up confirmation | 2631 | 574 | (<65–75+) | M: 272; F: 302 | USA (Framingham Eye Study) | Feb 1973–Feb 1975 |
Marraffa 1989 44 (Patient source: eye clinic) | SAP suprathreshold | Ophthalmologists | Follow-up confirmation | 104 | 182 eyes of 104 people | 54.3 (18–76) | M: 45; F: 59 | Italy | N/S |
Schultz 1995 45 (Patient source: clinical practices of glaucoma specialist, cataract surgeon, and general ophthalmol-ogist) | Optic disc photography | Carried out: N/S Interpreted: 3rd-year ophthalmology residents | Ophthalmic examination | 258 | 365 eyes of? people | (<40–>70) | M: 112; F: 144; Unknown: 2 | USA | N/S |
Spry 2005 46 (Patient source: hospital eye service) | SAP threshold; FDT C-20 matrix | SAP: clinic staff trained in visual field testing; FDT: N/S | Ophthalmic examination | 48 | 48 (both tests) | 67.3 (SD 13.5) | M: 24; F: 24 | UK | Oct 2003–Jan 2004 |
Theodossiades 2001 47 (Patient source: glaucoma clinics) | Ophthalmoscopy | Optometrists | Ophthalmic examination | 50 | 50 eyes of 50 people | N/S | N/S | UK | N/S |
Already-Suspect Population (Case–Control Studies) | | | | | | | | | |
Airaksinen 1984 48 (Patient source: not stated) | RNFL photography | N/S | Follow-up confirmation | 142 | 132 eyes of 132 people | Glaucoma: 62 (SD 20.5) Normal: 54 (SD 16.9); OHT: 57 (SD 12.7) | N/S | Canada + Finland | N/S |
Anton 1997 49 (Patient source: cases and controls: glaucoma unit) | SAP threshold | Uncertain | Ophthalmic examination | 180 | 180 eyes of 180 people | Glaucoma: 61 (SD 8); Normal: 59 (SD 9) | N/S | Spain | N/S |
Damato 1989 50 (Patient source: Cases: not stated Controls: dermatology ward, hospital staff, relatives/friends of patients, patients with unilateral non-glaucomatous disease affecting the fellow eye) | OKP | Staff experienced in perimetry | Ophthalmic examination | 102 | 102 eyes of 102 people | Glaucoma: 57.3; Normal: 54.4 | N/S | UK | N/S |
Enger 1987 51 (Patient source: Cases and controls: nerve fiber layer study) | SAP threshold | N/S | Ophthalmic examination | 112 | 170 eyes of 112 people | Glaucoma: 61 (28–80); Normal: 51 (26–75) | N/S | USA | N/S |
Harper 1994 52 (Patient source: not stated) | OKP; SAP suprathreshold | Uncertain | Ophthalmic examination | 212 | 193 (OKP); 212 (SAP) | Glaucoma: 67.8 (43–85); Normal: 61.5 (41–85) | N/S | UK | N/S |
Heeg 2005 53 (Patient source: Cases: glaucoma outpatient department Controls: old people’s homes, blood bank, other public places) | FDT C-20-1; FDT C-20 full threshold | N/S | Ophthalmic examination | 1112 | 208 (FDT C-20-1); 1112 (FDT C-20 full threshold) | Glaucoma: 65 (13–91); Normal: 63 (33–94) | Eligible: Glaucoma: M: 509; F: 542 Normal: M: 118; F: 119 | Netherlands (Groningen Longitudinal Glaucoma Study) | Jul 2000–Jun 2001 |
Ieong 2003 55 (Patient source: Cases: glaucoma subjects Controls: partners of cases, optometrist practice) | HRT II; SAP suprathreshold | Optometrists | Ophthalmic examination | 66 | 66 eyes of 66 people (both tests) | Glaucoma: 69; Normal: 60 | Glaucoma: M: 16; F: 13 Normal: M: 16; F: 21 | UK | N/S |
Johnson 1999 56 (Patient source: not stated) | FDT C-20-1 | N/S | Ophthalmic examination | 108 | 160 eyes of 108 people | Glaucoma: 64 (35–85); Normal: 46 (18–81) | | USA | N/S |
Quigley 1980 57 (Patient source: Cases and controls: Ophthalmol-ogical institute) | Optic disc photography; RNFL photography | Ophthalmologists | Ophthalmic examination | 175 | 294 eyes of? people (both tests) | Readable photos: Glaucoma: 52.7 (SD 2.78); Glaucoma suspect: 45.2 (SD 1.56); Normal: 37.9 (SD 2.8) Unreadable photos: Glaucoma: 62.5 (SD 4.0); Glaucoma suspect: 59.6 (SD 6.3); Normal: 50 (SD 12.1) | M: 86; F: 89 | USA | Jan 1978–Apr 1979 |
Sommer 1979 58 (Patient source: Cases and controls: glaucoma clinic) | Optic disc photography; RNFL photography | N/S | Follow-up confirmation | Unclear | 223 eyes of ? people (both tests) | N/S | N/S | USA | N/S |
Wollstein 2000 60 (Patient source: Cases: glaucoma clinic and ocular hypertension clinic Controls: spouses or friends of patients, responders-an advertisement) | Optic disc photography | Photos taken by trained technicians; assessed by glaucoma consultants, glaucoma fellow, clinical glaucoma technician | Ophthalmic examination | 123 | 123 eyes of 123 people | Glaucoma: 65.1 (SD 10.06); Normal: 57.1 (SD 12.52) | N/S | UK | N/S |
Wood 1987 61 (Patient source: not stated) | Ophthalmoscopy | Ophthalmologists; junior doctors | Ophthalmic examination | 22 | 43 eyes of 22 people | (32–75) | N/S | UK | N/S |