All of the surgical procedures were performed by a single surgeon (J.-Y. Kim) under general or local anesthesia. Following a peritomy, three 20-gauge sclerotomies were created in the pars plana of the ciliary body 3.5 mm from the corneal limbus. Surgery was performed by using a vitrectomy machine (ACCURUS Surgical System; Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX). A wide-field visualization system (Mini Quad XL; Volk Optical, Mentor, OH) was used. As much of the peripheral vitreous as possible was removed by performing scleral depression on the area over the entire 360°. Simultaneously, the traction in the area adjacent to the retinal break was removed. Following fluid–air exchange, perfluorocarbon liquid was infused until it filled the area posterior to the retinal break. In a preexisting retinal break, using a backflush tip, intraocular–subretinal fluid drainage was performed. Following removal of the perfluorocarbon liquid, intraocular laser retinopexy was done for the areas adjacent to the retinal break. If there was cataract, the cataract was extracted concomitantly. Before the vitrectomy, through a 2.8-mm clear cornea incision, phacoemulsification was carried out. Following the vitrectomy and fluid–air exchange, posterior chamber IOL implantation was performed. Following air–gas exchange with SF6 or C3F8, the sclerotomy was sutured. Scleral buckling was not performed in any case.