The regents were purchased as follows: TanIIA (Korea Food & Drug Administration, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju, Korea); Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM):F12 (1:1), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin, and gentamycin (Hyclone Laboratories, Inc., Logan, UT, USA); 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Oil Red O, and 2′-animo-3′-methoxyflavone (PD98059) (Sigma-Aldrich Corp., St. Louis, MO, USA); bromodeoxyuridine (5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine [BrdU]) cell proliferation assay kit (Chemicon, Temecula, CA, USA); annexin V– FITC apoptosis kit (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA); recombinant human (rh) IL-1β (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA); anti-heme oxygenase (HO)-1, anti-phospho-extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, anti-ERK 1/2, anti-phospho-Akt, anti-phospho-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), and anti-phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA); and anti-PPARγ antibody, anti-CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α antibody, anti-C/EBP β antibody, anti-HO−1 antibody, and anti-β-actin antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA).