After surgery, eyes were embedded in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) embedding medium (Tissue Tek, Elkhart, IN) for cryosectioning. Cryosections (10 μm) were prepared from frozen eyes. For visualizing smooth muscle actin (α-sm actin) and filamentous actin, sections were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) for 10 minutes. Direct immunofluorescence for α-sm actin was performed with a primary FITC-conjugated monoclonal anti-α-sm actin antibody (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Filamentous actin was visualized with rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR). For TGF-β1 and -β2 indirect immunohistochemistry, tissue was fixed in ice-cold acetone for 10 minutes and incubated with rabbit polyclonal antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) overnight. Secondary detection used an anti-rabbit Vectastain ABC kit (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). Basement membranes were detected by indirect immunofluorescence. For detection of entactin, sections were fixed in ice-cold acetone and incubated with a monoclonal anti-entactin antibody (Chemicon, Temecula, CA) followed by secondary anti-rat rhodamine (Chemicon). For detection of laminin, sections were fixed in 3% PFA and incubated with a sheep polyclonal antiserum raised against mouse laminin (a gift from Ilene Gipson, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, MA), followed by a FITC-conjugated donkey anti-sheep antibody (Jackson ImmunoResearch, Inc., West Grove, PA). Before mounting immunofluorescent sections, nuclei were localized by staining with 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; 10 ng/mL). Images of sections were captured on a microscope (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Images for each experiment were obtained using the same camera settings. Quantification of immunofluorescence was performed on computer (Image Pro-Plus; MediaCybernetics, Silver Spring, MD).