All subjects had best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better, spherical equivalent refractive error within ±5.00 diopters (D) and astigmatism within ±3.00 D, open anterior chamber angle, good quality of color disc photography and red-free RNFL photography, and reliable visual fields (<33% false positives, <33% false negatives, and <20% fixation losses). All subjects underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, including visual acuity, manifest refraction, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements by Goldmann applanation tonometry, slit-lamp examination, gonioscopy, dilated fundus examination, color sequential stereo disc photography and red-free RNFL photography (TRC-50IX; Topcon, Tokyo, Japan), Swedish interactive thresholding algorithm (SITA) 30–2 perimetry (Humphrey Field Analyzer II; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA), and OCT (Stratus OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec). All examinations were conducted within a 3-month period.