The amount of MUC-16, MMP-7, and MMP-12 mRNA in HCLEs was measured using real-time PCR on a sequence detection instrument (Opticon 2 DNA Engine, MJ Research Inc., San Francisco, CA). RNA was collected from samples after 1 hour of treatment with MPCLSs using the manufacturer's protocol (Aurum Total RNA Minikit; Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA). Equal amounts of each sample's RNA were reverse transcribed and then underwent real-time PCR amplification to semiquantitatively determine the amount of gene expression (iQ SYBR Green Supermix; Bio-Rad Laboratories). Primers were used for MUC-16 (Forward primer: 5′-gcctctaccttaacggttaca-3′, Reverse primer: 5′-ggtaccccatggctgttgtg-3′), MMP-7 (Forward primer: 5′-ggtcacctacaggatcgtatc-3′, Reverse primer: 5′-catcactgcattaggatcaga-3′), MMP-12 (Forward primer: 5′-tgctgatgacatacgtggca-3′, Reverse primer: 5′-aggatttggcaagcgttgg-3′), and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (Forward primer: 5′-agccgcatcttcttttgcgtc-3′, Reverse primer: 5′-tcatatttggcaggtttttct-3′), with GAPDH serving as a normalized control. GADH Ct values were subtracted from those of MMP-7, MMP-12, and MUC-16 to provide a semiquantitative analysis, and fold change relative to no treatment was assessed.