All animal experimental procedures were conducted in accordance with the ARVO Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research. Animal ethics approval was obtained from the Animal Ethics Committee (Ethics ID: 0705168) of the University of Melbourne (Parkville, Victoria, Australia). Adult Long-Evans rats (8–12 weeks, 200–400 g; Monash Animal Services, Clayton, Victoria, Australia) were housed in a 20°C environment with light cycling (12-hour light/12-hour dark, on at 8 AM, 50 lux maximum). Food (Barastoc Rat and mice feed, Ridley Agriproducts, VIC, Australia) and water were available ad libitum.