Abstract
Purpose:
There have been several reports regarding the relationship between glaucoma and metabolic syndrome. However, the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or normal tension glaucoma (NTG) has yet to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this present study was to investigate the difference of systemic risk factors, including BMI, between Japanese POAG patients and NTG patients.
Methods:
This study involved 1129 subjects (472 males and 657 females, mean age: 63.5±10.7 years); 117 POAG patients (65 males and 52 females, 66.0±10.4 years), 373 NTG patients (219 males and 154 females, 64.6±12.0 years), and 639 age-matched normal control subjects (188 males and 451 females, 64.0±7.9 years). Glaucoma patients were enrolled at Sannohe Eye Clinic, Aomori, Japan and at Oike-Ikeda Eye Clinic, Kyoto, Japan from June 2010 to November 2013. The normal control subjects were enrolled at Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan from March 2005 to November 2013, and were diagnosed by glaucoma specialists as normal after several ophthalmic examinations including optic disc imaging and visual field testing. BMI, the existence of systemic diseases [i.e., diabetes mellitus (DM), heart disease (HD), hypertension (HT), and hyperlipidemia (HL)], gender, and familial history of glaucoma (FH) were evaluated in relation to the glaucoma types (POAG or NTG) using stepwise logistic regression analysis.
Results:
Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that parameters which significantly determined NTG compared to normal control subjects were FH (odds ratio: 2.381, p<0.001), DM (odds ratio: 3.073, p<0.001), and HT (odds ratio: 1.652, p<0.05), while BMI, HD, or HL showed no significance. On the other hand, parameters which significantly determined POAG compared to normal control subjects were FH (odds ratio: 5.296, p<0.05), DM (odds ratio: 6.078, p<0.05), BMI (odds ratio: 0.751, p<0.05), and male gender (odds ratio: 0.221, p<0.05).
Conclusions:
The systemic risk factors for NTG and POAG were different from our dataset; i.e., HT for NTG, yet BMI and gender for POAG. Familial history of glaucoma and DM were also significant risk factors for POAG and NTG.