Refractive error and retinal complications in a large multicentric cohort of French individuals

Abstract

 

Purpose

 

Myopia is one of the first causes of visual impairment worldwide and high myopia , also called pathologic myopia is associated with retinal complications. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of myopia and its complications in a multicentric cohort of individuals.

 

Methods

 

Data files from individuals with a clinical setting between January 2012 and November 2013 in four different centers were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data included age and sex. Refractive error, best corrected visual acuity on both eyes and any history of retinal disease was also reported. Four different groups of individuals with Mild Myopia (-0.25 to -2.75D), Moderate Myopia (-3 to -5.75 D) and High Myopia (-6 to -7.75D and less than -8D) were created. For Mild and Moderate Myopias, patients were excluded in case of anisometropia higher than 1D. Furthermore, monophthalm patients or those with incomplete demographic data were excluded from the analysis. Prevalences of myopia related to the complete cohort and prevalence of retinal detachment (RD) and of peripheral laser photocoagulation were analyzed in the different groups.

 

Results

 

Data files from 103 962 individuals were included in the analysis. From this cohort, data files from 37914 myopic patients (58.5% of women), mean age 33.8 years (SD=13) were analyzed. Among them, 26532 individuals had a Mild Myopia (28.35%) with a mean age of 32.2 years. The prevalence of RD and of photocoagulation was of 0.056% and 0.23% respectively. 7995 individuals had a Moderate Myopia (8.54%) with a mean age 32.5 years. The prevalence of RD and of photocoagulation was of 0.06% and 0.26% respectively. 1 881 individuals had a High Myopia between -6 and -7.75D (2.01%) with a mean age of 33.8 years. The prevalence of RD and of photocoagulation was of 0.08% and 0.13% respectively. 1509 individuals had a High Myopia Higher than -7.75 D (1.61%) with a mean age of 36.8. The prevalence of RD and of photocoagulation was of 0.13% and 0.26% respectively. High Myopia represented 3.62% of this cohort.

 

Conclusions

 

This large cohort provides new insights on the prevalence of myopia and on its complications in the young European population. The prevalence of RD was doubled between mild myopia and the group with myopia less than -8 D. Prospective analyses should be performed to confirm these data.

 

Keywords: 605 myopia • 688 retina