Purpose
Smartphone ophthalmoscopy is a recent and promising technique to screen the community. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the agreement of smartphone ophthalmoscope and slit-lamp biomicroscopy to discriminate eyes with glaucoma from those without.
Methods
One hundred glaucoma patients and 100 healthy control subjects were included. All of them underwent visual field test and undilated smartphone ophthalmoscopy with D-Eye device (Si14 S.p.A., Padova, Italy) followed by dilated optic nerve head (ONH) slit-lamp examination. The following parameters were evaluated: cup/disc ratio; neuroretinal rim pallor (4-step scale); peripapillary chorioretinal atrophy; and optic disc hemorrhages.
Results
All included eyes completed the study. Cup/disc ratio exact agreement between the two methods was observed in 186 (93%) of 200 eyes (simple κ = 0.91; 95% CI 0.87-0.95) and agreement within one step was observed in 200 eyes (100%). Rim pallor exact agreement was observed in 179 eyes (89.5%; simple κ = 0.85; 95% CI 0.79-0.91) and agreement within one step was observed in 197 eyes (98.5%). An almost perfect agreement was observed for both peripapillary chorioretinal atrophy and optic disc hemorrhages.
Conclusions
Undilated smartphone ophthalmoscopy showed a very good agreement with dilated biomicroscopy for ONH assessment. Smartphone ophthalmoscopy can accurately detect ONH parameters and might be used as a screening tool for glaucoma.