June 2015
Volume 56, Issue 7
Free
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   June 2015
Binocular Vision, Reading Ability and Associated Symptoms in School Children
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • Ida Henrysson
    Department of Medicine and Optometry, Linnaeus University, Bergen, Norway
  • Baskar Theagarayan
    Department of Medicine and Optometry, Linnaeus University, Bergen, Norway
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships Ida Henrysson, None; Baskar Theagarayan, None
  • Footnotes
    Support None
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2015, Vol.56, 530. doi:
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      Ida Henrysson, Baskar Theagarayan; Binocular Vision, Reading Ability and Associated Symptoms in School Children. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2015;56(7 ):530.

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      © ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)

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Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between binocular vision, reading ability and any associated symptoms in School Children.

Methods: The study was conducted in a School in western Sweden. A sample of 54 Children aged between 10 and 12 years were invited to participate in this study. A consent form and a letter with information was sent to their parents. Children with at least 20/25 and N6 visual acuity and good Stereopsis were included. After receiving consent forms, 27 Children participated in all the measurements. Amplitude of accommodation was measured using push-up method both monocularly and binocularly. Accommodative facility was measured using ± 2.00 D flippers at 40 cm both monocularly and binocularly. Near point of convergence was measured using a Royal Air Force (RAF) ruler and both break and recovery points were documented. All the Children performed a group of reading ability tests to detect whether they have any reading difficulties. A questionnaire called "The College of Optometrists in Vision Development Quality of Life (COVD-QOL)" was filled by their parents together with their Children. A score of 20 or more is considered as symptomatic.

Results: Mean amplitude of accommodation was OD 10.8 ± 4.0 D, OS 11.8 ± 4.1 D and OU 14.2 ± 3.7 D. Amplitude of accommodation was low in terms of Hofstetter's formula. Based on age, 59% of the Children were below expected value. The accommodative facility was lower than expected, with mean values of OD 5.5 ± 4.0 cpm, OS 5.5 ± 4.0 cpm and OU 5.0 ± 3.5 cpm. Mean near point of convergence was 6.0 ± 5.4 cm for break and 6.6 ± 5.9 cm for recovery. In the reading ability tests all the Children had normal values. Three Children received ≥ 20 points on the symptom questionnaire COVD-QOL, which is considered to be high. All of these three Children had values below normal limits for the amplitude of accommodation and/or the accommodative facility. Regression analysis showed no significant correlation between binocular vision tests, reading ability and symptom score (r < 0.6; p > 0.05).

Conclusions: Amplitude of accommodation and accommodative facility was lower than expected values for their age. Near point of convergence values reached the expected normal level. There was no significant correlation between binocular vision tests, reading ability and associated symptoms in this sample of Swedish Children.

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