Abstract
Purpose:
To present a case series of uveitis with ocular hypertension and analyze the etiologies and mechanisms.
Methods:
A retrospective cross-sectional study between June 2009 and October 2014 was performed. Patients with diagnosis of any type of uveitis and IOP over 21mmHg were included. Collected data from patients included age at presentation, gender, acute or chronic infection, anatomic classification, etiology of the uveitis, IOP at presentation, mechanism of IOP increase and treatment received. Data was recorded in Microsoft Excel 2011. Odds Ratio and chi square analysis were chosen for statistical analysis.
Results:
A total of 413 patients with uveitis diagnosis were recruited. One hundred and twenty-four (30%) patients with elevated IOP were encountered. The anatomic distribution was anterior (52%), diffuse (28%), posterior (18%) and intermediate (2%). The most frequent etiologies among the anterior uveitis were herpetic (31%), idiopathic (22%) and Fuchs iridocyclitis (14%); among the posterior toxoplasmosis (54%) and VKH (40%) in the diffuse cases. The most common mechanism of IOP increase was the use of corticoid therapy (71 cases). The proportion of hypertensive uveitis was 30,6 %. Hypertensive uveitis was most commonly infectious (chi 2: 44.75 p<0.01). Chronic uveitis more frequently developed hypertension than acute presentation (chi 2 14.10 p<0.01). One hundred and four cases received medical treatment whereas 27 needed a surgical intervention as well.
Conclusions:
Ocular hypertension in uveitis is a common finding that requires close follow-up and treatment. hypertensive uveitis is more common in cases of infectious etiology.