Abstract
Purpose: :
To examine the association between coffee intake and prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a multi-ethnic Asian population.
Methods: :
Baseline data from 4120 study participants in the Singapore Prospective Study Program Study, an ongoing multiethnic (Chinese, Indians and Malays) cohort study, were analyzed. Information relating to coffee consumption habits was gathered using a validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire as part of dietary history. Presence and severity of AMD was assessed on digital color fundus photographs using Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Grading protocol. Odds ratios (ODs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable regression model to examine the relationship between coffee consumption and risk of AMD.
Results: :
The mean age of the study population was 50.14 (±11.71), with a range of 24.62 to 94.87 years. There was slight preponderance of female participants (females = 51.77%; males = 48.23%). A positive history of coffee consumption was recorded in 2908 (70.58%) study participants. Older age and male gender was associated with a higher prevalence of coffee consumption. Early and late features of AMD were observed in 227 (5.51%) and 8 (0.19%) study participants, respectively. No significant association was observed between coffee consumption and odds of early and late AMD in multivariable regression model after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, and dyslipidemia (OR for coffee consumption: early AMD = 1.27, CI = 0.91-1.78, p = 0.16; late AMD = 1.68, CI = 0.19-14.57, p = 0.63). For early AMD, relationships were similar in Chinese (OR = 1.27 CI = 0.79-2.04, p = 0.33), Indians (OR = 1.04 CI = 0.52-2.08, p = 0.91) and Malays (OR= 1.49 CI = 0.76-2.93, p = 0.26).
Conclusions: :
We found no association between coffee consumption and AMD. This study, based on a large multi-ethnic population data set, do not support the hypothesis that coffee intake is associated with AMD among Asian persons.
Keywords: age-related macular degeneration • clinical (human) or epidemiologic studies: prevalence/incidence • retina