Abstract
Purpose: :
Clinical data show that contact lens (CL) multipurpose solutions (MPS) may cause damage to the ocular surface. This study examined the cytotoxic and inflammatory effects of eight commercially available CL MPS and hydrogen peroxide lens disinfection system on cultured human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells.
Methods: :
HCE cells were exposed to eight different commercially available MPS products (MPS A, ReNu MultiPlus®; MPS B, Opti Free® EverMoist; MPS C, Solo-care Aqua®; MPS-D, Complete®; MPS-E, Unica Sensitive®; MPS-F, Options Multi®; MPS-G, Biotrue®; MPS-H, COMPLETE® RevitaLens) at concentrations of 30% v/v to 50% v/v for 4 to 18 hours. Cytotoxic effects were examined with FITC-Annexin V/ PI and MTT assay. The protein contents of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were examined by multiplex fluorescent bead immunoassay, and the mRNA expression of these cytokines was examined by Real time PCR. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) complex (LPS combined with CD14 and LPS binding protein) and non-neutralized hydrogen peroxide lens disinfection system served as positive controls, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was added as a negative control.
Results: :
Incubation of the various MPS with HCE cells showed that all of the CL MPS examined induced higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to the negative control. Multiplex fluorescent bead immunoassay results demonstrated that all five MPS, A, B, E, F and H stimulated the highest levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in HCE cells. MPS H induced the highest concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines production (up to 5-fold higher levels of IL-6, up to 2.5-fold higher levels of IL-8, up to 39-fold higher levels of IL-1β and up to 14-fold higher levels of TNF-α) compared to the negative control (p<0.05). MPS E, B, A and F elicited up to 28-fold, 25.7-fold, 25.3-fold and 22.5-fold higher levels of IL-1β, respectively. Similar responses were recorded in the expression profiles of the remaining cytokines. In contrast, no significant differences were noted in the cytotoxic and inflammatory effects between the hydrogen peroxide lens disinfection system and the negative control.
Conclusions: :
MPS induced significant cytotoxic and inflammatory effects on cultured HCE cells compared to the negative control. In contrast, hydrogen peroxide lens disinfection system was the least cytotoxic and did not induce any inflammatory effect on human corneal epithelial cells. Taken together, these data suggests that hydrogen peroxide lens disinfection system is preferable as disinfecting and sterilizing system for CL compared to most of the commercially available MPS.
Keywords: contact lens • inflammation • cornea: epithelium