Abstract
Purpose: :
To determine the prevalence of Antiphospholipid syndrome in the Mexican population over 10 years, and the frequency of ocular manifestations, and which of those cases were the first manifestation of the disease.
Methods: :
Retrospective, observational, transversal and descriptive study reviewing the medical files and records from all patients with Antiphospholipid syndrome’s diagnostic with descriptive statistical analysis for age, gender, type of antiphospholipid syndrome (primary or secondary), ocular manifestations and visual acuity at our hospital in a period of 10 years.
Results: :
We include 332 patients with diagnostic of Antiphospholipid syndrome. Mean age at the moment of the diagnostic was 29.54 years. 278 were women (83.73%). 141 patients (42.85%) were diagnosed with Primary Antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS), which 9 patients (6.38%) were ocular PAPS; 191 patients (57.17%) with Secondary Antiphospholipid syndrome (SAPS), 14 patients (7.33%) presented one ocular thrombotic episode without other systemic episode. Patients with ocular vasso-oclusive manifestations were 15 with central vein vascular oclussion (CRVO):8, central arteriy vascular oclusion (CAVO): 6, branch retinal artery oclusion: 1, optic neuritis:12, retinal vasculitis:7 amaurosis fugax:3. Other ocular autoimmune manifestations: epiescleritis: 2, escleritis:2, papiledema:1, internuclear ophthalmoplegic: 1, uveitis:1.Visual prognosis in patients with ocular manifestations presented a wide range associated to the type of alteration. Patients with legal blindness in PAPS were 3: 2 related to CRAO and the other one with optical neuritis, while patients with SAPS were 6: 2 with CRVO, 2 retinal vasculitis, 1 with CRAO and 1 with optic neuritis.
Conclusions: :
Ocular manifestations in antiphospholipid syndrome have a low prevalence with a tendency to be more affected in the SAPS, may be because of comorbility with other diseases. However, they have great impact on the visual prognosis, so it is important to do timely assessment on suspected APS patients.
Keywords: vascular occlusion/vascular occlusive disease • autoimmune disease • clinical (human) or epidemiologic studies: prevalence/incidence