Purpose:
To determine the prognostic factors of final visual acuity and evaluate the predictive value of ocular trauma score in children 16 years old or younger.
Methods:
A prospective, observational, longitudinal study was done. Sixty six close and open-globe injuries in children 16 years or younger were included. The evaluation was done at initial presentation and at 1,2,4,8,12 weeks, and we evaluated trauma mechanism, visual acuity, afferent pupillary defect, intraocular tension, injury features. The variables were converted into Ocular Trauma Classification System based on Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology and Ocular Trauma Score categories. The distribution of the percentage of final visual acuity in each category was compared between Ocular Trauma Classification based on BETT and OTS.The results were analyzed using SPSS using Pearson correlation analysis.
Results:
The mean age of patients was 8.5 years old, 68% female. Most occurred at home (50%), accidental 86.6%, 13.3% for assault. Open globe injury in 21.8%. With posterior segment affection of 24.2%, required any surgical treatment 21.2%, Cataract was found in 6%, corneal wound 13.6%, 7.5% scleral wound, vitreous hemorrhage 10.6%, optic neuropathy 1.5%, conmotio retinae 4.5%, intraocular foreign body 1.5%, retinal detachment 3%. Prognostic factors for final visual acuity, with statistically significant P <0.05 were: score according to initial visual acuity, open globe injury, afferent papillary defect, intraocular hypertension at initial presentation and OTS.
Conclusions:
The evaluation at initial presentation in children 16 years old or younger are applicable to prognostic score the same as the used in adults and are statistically significant evaluated at initial presentation: initial visual acuity, ocular trauma open pupil condition, initial ocular hypertension and OTS.
Keywords: trauma • visual acuity • vitreoretinal surgery