April 2011
Volume 52, Issue 14
Free
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   April 2011
Ocular Injury Due To High Pressure Water Jets
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • Arne Viestenz
    Department of Ophthalmology, University of Saarland/Homburg, Homburg/Saar, Germany
  • Andre Klamann
    Department of Ophthalmology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
  • Gerrit Darkow
    University of applied Sciences, University of Magdeburg, FH Magdeburg-Stendal, Magdeburg, Germany
  • Udo Hennighausen
    eye specialist practice, Private practice, Schleswig/Holstein, Germany
  • Achim Langenbucher
    Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
  • Friedrich Wienecke
    IdF Saxony-Anhalt, Institute of fire research, Heyrothsberge, Germany
  • Wolfgang Behrens-Baumann
    Department of Ophthalmology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships  Arne Viestenz, None; Andre Klamann, None; Gerrit Darkow, None; Udo Hennighausen, None; Achim Langenbucher, None; Friedrich Wienecke, None; Wolfgang Behrens-Baumann, None
  • Footnotes
    Support  None
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science April 2011, Vol.52, 5620. doi:
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      Arne Viestenz, Andre Klamann, Gerrit Darkow, Udo Hennighausen, Achim Langenbucher, Friedrich Wienecke, Wolfgang Behrens-Baumann; Ocular Injury Due To High Pressure Water Jets. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2011;52(14):5620.

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      © ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)

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Abstract

Purpose: : Eye injuries caused by hose stream for fire fighting are rarely reported. The clinical outcome of eyes injured by high pressure water jets is poor. The aim of this study is to identify the main cause of later surgical failure and will give the ophthalmic surgeon pearls for identification of major ocular damage.

Methods: : Fifty-two pig eyes embedded in ballistic gel in an orbital model according to Viestenz & Behrens-Baumann were shot with high pressure water jets (5 bar up to 9.5 bar) from different working distances: 0.5 m, 2 m, 5 m and 8 m. Slit lamp photographs were taken and ultrasound examination was performed in each traumatized eye.

Results: : 1) 8 controls vs. 44 traumatized eyes: No morphological damage in controls. Eyes injured by hose stream: retinal detachment 61% (p=0.001), ciliary body cleft 52% (p=0.006), lens injury 93% (p<0.001), choroidal rupture 25% (non significant =n.s.), retinal damage 75% (p<0.001). No globe rupture was observed.2) Conventional fire nozzle vs. bundled water jet of a fog nozzle (24 vs. 20 eyes): retinal detachment 67% vs. 55%, ciliary body cleft 54% vs. 50%, lens injury 92% vs. 95% (n.s.).3) distance between opening of nozzle and eye: 0.5 m/2.0 m/ 5.0 m: ciliary body cleft 100%/63%/33%, retinal tear/detachment: 100%/100%/42%

Conclusions: : A careful history should be taken after water jet injuries. If the accident appeared in a distance of 2 m or less, the risk of a retinal break is 100%, and the risk of ciliary body cleft with choroidal detachment is between 63 and 100%. The surgeon should be aware to treat both: the hypotony with cyclopexy and the retinal break.

Keywords: trauma • retinal detachment • ciliary body 
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