Abstract
Purpose: :
To determine the incidence of neonatal endogenous endophthalmitis in the U.S.A. between 1998-2006 and associated risk factors.
Methods: :
ICD-9 codes for endophthalmitis, sepsis, and suspected endophthalmitis risk factors in hospitalized infants and neonates were searched in the National Inpatient Sample, a 20% representative sample of all hospital discharges in the United States.
Results: :
Of 35.4 million live births in 1998, 316 newborns were identified with endophthalmitis (rate/100,000 live births, 0.0089%). The incidence of endophthalmitis decreased at a rate of 6% per year (p = 0.01130) over the time period between 1998 and 2006. Of 40.1 million live births in 2006, only 179 newborns were identified with endophthalmitis (rate/100,000 live births, 0.0045%) by comparison. Neonates with endophthalmitis were more likely to have systemic bacteremia (p < 0.0001, odds ratio 21.114), Candidemia (p < 0.0001, odds ratio 2.356), to have a birth weight of less than 1500g (p < 0.0001, odds ratio 1.215), and retinopathy of prematurity (p < 0.0001, odds ratio 2.052).
Conclusions: :
We demonstrated the importance of retinopathy of prematurity, low birth weight, bacteremia, and Candidemia as risks for endophthalmitis development in infants, which appears to be decreasing in recent years.
Keywords: endophthalmitis • clinical (human) or epidemiologic studies: prevalence/incidence • clinical (human) or epidemiologic studies: risk factor assessment