Abstract
Purpose: :
To investigate the genetic and environmental risk factors associated with myopia among children in urban population in Jakarta
Methods: :
A population based cross sectional study in children aged 6-15 years in 4 sub-districs in Eastern Jakarta was conducted. A total of 337 children were selected using stratified random cluster sampling. Myopia genetic factors was defined based on the history of either parental or siblings myopia in the family; whilst environmental factors was defined as near work activities, anthropometric status, outdoor or sports activities, and night light use before aged 2 years. Cycloplegic autorefraction was performed in the eligible subjects to assess the refractive status. Information on environmental factors was obtained using questionnaire addressed to parents and/or the children, and by direct measurement of anthropometric status.
Results: :
The prevalence of myopia was 32.3% (CI 95%, 27.3%-37.3%). Using bivariate analysis, the OR of parental myopia was 2.14 (CI 95% 1.24-3.69); siblings myopia was OR 1.90 (CI 95% 0.97-3.74). OR of obese children was 2.74 (CI 95%, 0.97-7.74), mean difference of near-work activity was 6.11 dioptre hours (CI 95%, -1.89-14.12), OR of night-lighting was 0.967 (CI 95% 0.32-.290). In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for near-work activity, the adjusted OR of parental myopia was increased to 2.42 (CI 95% 1.32-4.46) and of siblings myopia was increased to 2.17 (CI 95% 0.97-4.87), suggesting near-work activity as a confounding factor.
Conclusions: :
Parental myopia was a strong risk factor associated with myopia in Indonesia urban children population. Environmental factors such as night lighting, nearwork activity, anthropometric status does not seem to be related to myopia.
Keywords: refraction • clinical (human) or epidemiologic studies: risk factor assessment • refractive error development