May 2008
Volume 49, Issue 13
Free
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   May 2008
Relevance Vector Machine Analysis of Multifocal ERGs of Eyes in HIV-Positive Subjects Without Infectious Retinitis Shows Deficiencies Compared to Normal Eyes
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • M. H. Goldbaum
    Ophthalmology, Univ of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
  • I. Falkenstein
    Ophthalmology, Univ of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
  • D.-U. Bartsch
    Ophthalmology, Univ of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
  • J. Hao
    Ophthalmology, Univ of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
  • I. Kozak
    Ophthalmology, Univ of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
  • F. Mojana
    Ophthalmology, Univ of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
  • N. Nigam
    Ophthalmology, Univ of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
  • T.-W. Lee
    Ophthalmology, Univ of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
  • T. J. Sejnowski
    Ophthalmology, Univ of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
  • W. R. Freeman
    Ophthalmology, Univ of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships  M.H. Goldbaum, None; I. Falkenstein, None; D. Bartsch, None; J. Hao, None; I. Kozak, None; F. Mojana, None; N. Nigam, None; T. Lee, None; T.J. Sejnowski, None; W.R. Freeman, None.
  • Footnotes
    Support  NIH Grant EY13928, NIH Grant EY07366, David and Marilyn Dunn Foundation
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science May 2008, Vol.49, 947. doi:
  • Views
  • Share
  • Tools
    • Alerts
      ×
      This feature is available to authenticated users only.
      Sign In or Create an Account ×
    • Get Citation

      M. H. Goldbaum, I. Falkenstein, D.-U. Bartsch, J. Hao, I. Kozak, F. Mojana, N. Nigam, T.-W. Lee, T. J. Sejnowski, W. R. Freeman; Relevance Vector Machine Analysis of Multifocal ERGs of Eyes in HIV-Positive Subjects Without Infectious Retinitis Shows Deficiencies Compared to Normal Eyes. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2008;49(13):947.

      Download citation file:


      © ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)

      ×
  • Supplements
Abstract

Purpose: : Studies have demonstrated structural and functional inner retinal damage in HIV-positive subjects without infectious retinitis, suggesting subtle retinopathy. We applied multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) of the posterior pole in these patients and HIV negative controls. We used machine learning classifiers (MLCs) to determine if electrophysiologic recordings in HIV subjects differ from those in non-HIV individuals.

Methods: : Standard mfERG was used in 51 patients with high CD4 counts (86 eyes), 54 patients with a history of low CD4 counts (85 eyes) and 41 age-matched non-HIV subjects (82 eyes). None of the eyes had visible retinopathy. A thread electrode (DTL Plus Electrode, Diagnosis LLC, Lowell, MA) was used for recording. The stimuli were displayed on a CRT monitor with RETIscan software Version 3.20.15 (Roland Consult Elektrophysiologische Diagnostik Systeme, Wiesbaden, Germany). The mean simultaneous response component for the second order kernel was recorded. Implicit times (a and b latencies) and response densities (a and b amplitudes) were measured. Eight cycles were averaged for each subject from 103 hexagonal locations and analyzed with the RETIscan software. We trained relevance vector machines (RVM), which are probabilistic MLCs, with supervised learning on latencies or amplitudes. Ten-fold cross validation separated the teaching cases from the test cases. The area under the ROC curve (AUROC) was analyzed to determine if mfERG patterns of either low CD4 or high CD4 HIV subjects differed significantly from normals.

Results: : The age distribution of the three classes of subjects was 38.4±5.6 for normal, 41.4±8.1 for low CD4, and 44.6±8.5 for high CD4. For example the AUROCs for the high CD4 versus non-HIV group for b amplitude and b latency using RVM were 0.630±0.044 (p=.048 compared to chance) and 0.705±0.041 (p=.001), respectively. For low CD4, the b amplitude and latency were 0.531±0.047 (p=.62) and 0.701±0.042 (p=.002). Feature selection ranked mfERG locations for utility in differentiating classes.

Conclusions: : mfERG objectively shows cumulative functional damage in HIV retinopathy in both high and low CD4 subjects compared to non-HIV normal retinas. MLCs can ease interpretation of mfERGs. It can be difficult for human observers to learn to interpret mfERGs. In contrast, RVM learns from the data how to detect differences in non-infectious HIV retinopathy that are not apparent to human experts assessing mfERG recordings.

Keywords: AIDS/HIV • electroretinography: clinical • computational modeling 
×
×

This PDF is available to Subscribers Only

Sign in or purchase a subscription to access this content. ×

You must be signed into an individual account to use this feature.

×