May 2008
Volume 49, Issue 13
Free
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   May 2008
Ametropia, Preschoolers’ Cognitive Abilities and Effects of Spectacle Correction at 6-Month Follow-Up
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • A.-C. Roch-Levecq
    Univ of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
    Ophthalmology,
  • B. L. Brody
    Univ of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
    Ophthalmology and Family and Preventive Medicine,
  • R. G. Thomas
    Univ of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
    Family and Preventive Medicine, and Neurosciences,,
  • S. I. Brown
    Univ of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
    Ophthalmology,
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships  A. Roch-Levecq, None; B.L. Brody, None; R.G. Thomas, None; S.I. Brown, None.
  • Footnotes
    Support  Foster Fellowship in Vision & Development and Research to Prevent Blindness
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science May 2008, Vol.49, 1427. doi:
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      A.-C. Roch-Levecq, B. L. Brody, R. G. Thomas, S. I. Brown; Ametropia, Preschoolers’ Cognitive Abilities and Effects of Spectacle Correction at 6-Month Follow-Up. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2008;49(13):1427.

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      © ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)

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Abstract

Purpose: : To extend our study of cognitive abilities of low-income preschool children with uncorrected ametropia and the effects of spectacle correction at 6 weeks, and examine the effects after 6 months.

Methods: : Participants: 88 preschoolers (mean age=4.6 years; female=58.1%; Latino=87.3%), sequentially recruited from the UCSD Eyemobile, 44 children with previously uncorrected ametropia and 44 group-matched emmetropic controls. Ametropia was determined by cycloplegic retinoscopy as bilateral hyperopia ≥ 4 D in 3 to 5-year olds, astigmatism ≤ -2 D in 3-year olds and ≤ -1.50 D in 4- and 5-year olds, or a combination of both, and emmetropia as ≤2 D and ≥ -1 D in both eyes.Procedure: The ammetropic group was assessed before, 6 weeks, and 6 months after correction, and compared to the emmetropic controls. Compliance was monitored.

Results: : At 6-week follow-up with 44 subjects per group, the interaction on VMI became highly significant, p < .005. The ametropic group did not improve significantly more on WPPSI-R Performance Scale than the emmetropic controls, p = .35. At 6-month follow-up with 22 subjects per group, an interaction was found on WPPSI-R, p = .007: The ametropic goup improved 10.6 points, p < .001, compared to 2.7 points in the emmetropic group, p = .18, resulting in an observed standardized effect size of 0.86 and a power of 0.79. The ametropic group was 9.15 times more likely to improve by at least 5 points on both measures than emmetropic group.

Conclusions: : These findings suggest that refractive correction resulted in gradual improvement in visual motor integration related scores, beginning at 6-week follow-up and extending to 6 months.

Keywords: visual development: infancy and childhood • refractive error development • plasticity 
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