May 2007
Volume 48, Issue 13
Free
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   May 2007
Relationship of Chronic Kidney Disease and Age-Related Maculopathy: The Blue Mountains Eye Study
G. Liew; P. Mitchell; T. Y. Wong; S. K. Iyengar; J. J. Wang; Blue Mountains Eye Study Group
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • G. Liew
    Dept of Ophthalmology (Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
  • P. Mitchell
    Dept of Ophthalmology (Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
  • T. Y. Wong
    Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
    Singapore Eye Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
  • S. K. Iyengar
    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
  • J. J. Wang
    Dept of Ophthalmology (Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
    Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
  • Blue Mountains Eye Study Group
    Dept of Ophthalmology (Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships G. Liew, None; P. Mitchell, None; T.Y. Wong, None; S.K. Iyengar, None; J.J. Wang, None.
  • Footnotes
    Support Australian RADGAC grant (1992-94) and NHMRC grant 974159 & 211069
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science May 2007, Vol.48, 2120. doi:
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      G. Liew, P. Mitchell, T. Y. Wong, S. K. Iyengar, J. J. Wang, Blue Mountains Eye Study Group; Relationship of Chronic Kidney Disease and Age-Related Maculopathy: The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2007;48(13):2120.

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Abstract

Purpose:: . Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and age-related maculopathy (ARM) may share common genetic risk factors, such as complement factor H (CFH) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genes, but no clinical studies have examined whether these diseases are linked. We aimed to explore this relationship in a population-based sample.

Methods:: The Blue Mountains Eye Study (1992-4) surveyed 3654 residents aged 49+ living in 2 geographically defined areas west of Sydney, Australia. We measured serum creatinine from 3183 participants (87.1%) who had blood collected and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the Modified Diet Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. CKD was defined according to National Kidney Foundation criteria as GFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2. We graded stereoscopic retinal photographs of both eyes for presence of early ARM (soft indistinct or reticular drusen or combined soft distinct drusen and retinal pigment abnormality) and late ARM (neovascular ARM or geographic atrophy).

Results:: CKD was present in 1488 persons (46.7%) and either early or late ARM was present in 149 persons (4.7%) and 61 persons (1.9%), respectively. Subjects with CKD were more likely to have early (6.2% vs 3.4%) and late (3.5% vs 0.5%) ARM than those without CKD. After adjusting for age (continuous), sex, smoking (current, ex, never) and pack years of cigarette smoking, CKD was significantly associated with late ARM (odds ratio [OR] 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-4.5) but not with early ARM (OR 1.0, CI 0.7-1.5). Each standard deviation (SD) decrease in log GFR was associated with higher prevalence of late ARM (OR 1.3, CI 1.1-1.7) but not early ARM (OR 1.0, CI 0.8-1.2). These findings were similar after additional adjustment for fibrinogen, white cell count, hypertension,diabetes and diabetes duration (OR 1.3, CI 1.0-1.6 for late ARM, and OR 1.0, CI 0.8-1.2 for early ARM, per SD decrease in log GFR.).

Conclusions:: In this older Australian population, persons with CKD were more likely to have late ARM. This could represent a further manifestation of the systemic effects of common genes such as CFH on the vascular bed in the kidney and the eye.

Keywords: age-related macular degeneration • clinical (human) or epidemiologic studies: risk factor assessment 
© 2007, The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc., all rights reserved. Permission to republish any abstract or part of an abstract in any form must be obtained in writing from the ARVO Office prior to publication.
Copyright © 2025 Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.
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