May 2006
Volume 47, Issue 13
Free
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   May 2006
Age–Related Macular Degeneration and Depression in Older People: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • C. Sun
    Retinal Vascular Imaging Centre, Centre for Eye Research Australia, East Melbourne, Australia
  • G. Tikellis
    Retinal Vascular Imaging Centre, Centre for Eye Research Australia, East Melbourne, Australia
  • R. Klein
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
  • D.C. Steffens
    3. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC
  • E.K. M. Larsen
    Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
  • T.Y. Wong
    Retinal Vascular Imaging Centre, Centre for Eye Research Australia, East Melbourne, Australia
  • Cardiovascular Health Study
    Retinal Vascular Imaging Centre, Centre for Eye Research Australia, East Melbourne, Australia
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships  C. Sun, None; G. Tikellis, None; R. Klein, None; D.C. Steffens, None; E.K.M. Larsen, None; T.Y. Wong, None.
  • Footnotes
    Support  N01–HC–85079 through N01–HC–85086, N01–HC–35129, and N01 HC–15103
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science May 2006, Vol.47, 2192. doi:
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      C. Sun, G. Tikellis, R. Klein, D.C. Steffens, E.K. M. Larsen, T.Y. Wong, Cardiovascular Health Study; Age–Related Macular Degeneration and Depression in Older People: The Cardiovascular Health Study . Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2006;47(13):2192.

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      © ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)

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Abstract

Purpose: : To examine the association between age–related macular degeneration (AMD) and depression.

Methods: : The Cardiovascular Health Study is a population–based study conducted in four US communities initiated in 1989–90. A total of 2,194 persons aged 69 to 97 years were included in the current analyses. During the 1997–98 examination, retinal photography was performed on one randomly selected eye and graded for presence of early and late AMD using a modified Wisconsin AMD Grading System. Depressive symptoms were assessed via a modified version of the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES–D) scale annually from 1989 through 1997–98. Depression was defined as a CES–D score of >7 (top quartile of CES–D score) at the 1997–98 examination. Worsening of depressive symptoms was defined by an increase in CES–D score of ≥ 5 over a 9–year period (between 1989 and 1997–98).

Results: : There were 338 (15.6%) individuals with early AMD, 29 (1.3%) persons with late AMD in the study population. The prevalence of depression was 27% (593 of 2,194) in the population. Depression was not associated with the presence of early AMD (multivariable adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.96, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.73– 1.27), or late AMD (OR 0.81, 95% CI: 0.32– 2.06). Multinomial logistic regression comparing increasing quartiles of the CES–D scores to the lowest quartile showed no association with early or late AMD status. Worsening of depressive symptoms over a 9–year period was also not associated with early AMD (multivariable adjusted OR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.67–1.28), or late AMD (OR 1.14, 95% CI: 0.44–2.93).

Conclusions: : Our study did not find an association between AMD and depression in older people.

Keywords: age-related macular degeneration • imaging/image analysis: non-clinical • retina 
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