Abstract
Purpose: :
To identify the risk factors for glaucoma in an adult rural South Indian population.
Methods: :
Three thousand nine hundred and twenty four of 4800 enumerated participants aged 40 years and above from a population based glaucoma prevalence study were included. All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination including vision testing, refraction, Goldman applanation tonometry, central corneal thickness measurements, 4 mirror gonioscopy, LOCS II lens grading, dilated fundus examination, strereobiomicroscopic disc examination, optic disc photography, Frequency Doubling Perimetry (FDP) Screening C– 20 –1 and FDP Full threshold N –30, Humphrey Visual fields SITA Standard 30–2 were performed for diagnosis. The International Society for Geographical and Epidemiologic Ophthalmology (ISGEO) criteria were used to diagnose glaucoma (Foster et al. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002 Feb;86(2):238–42). The association between demographic and clinical parameters, literacy, occupation, weighted score on C–20–1 (Patel et al Am J Ophthalmol. 2000 Mar;129(3):323–7) and mean deviation on Full threshold FDP, on the diagnosis of glaucoma were studied.
Results: :
Hundred and sixty subjects (5.47%) were diagnosed to have glaucoma of any etiology. Increasing age [Odds ratio:1.08 (95% CI: 1.06,10.9)] was significantly (p<0.0001) associated with glaucoma. After adjusting for age and gender increasing intraocular pressure [OR1.24 (95% CI: 1.20–1.28)], aphakia [OR 2.19 (95% CI: 1.34 –3.58)], pseudophakia [OR 3.86 (95% CI: 2.45–6.08)], increasing FDP score on C 20–1[OR 1.05 (95% CI: 1.03–1.06)] and increasing mean deviation on Full threshold FDP [OR1.13 (95% CI: 1.06–1.21)] were significantly associated with the diagnosis of glaucoma.
Conclusions: :
Increasing age and aphakia or pseudophakia were associated with increased risk of disease. FDP parameters on both screening and full threshold were associated with disease.
Keywords: clinical (human) or epidemiologic studies: prevalence/incidence