May 2005
Volume 46, Issue 13
Free
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   May 2005
Contributions of the Fovea and Peripheral Retina to the Emmetropization Process in Monkeys
L.–F. Hung; Y. Qiao–Grider; C.–S. Kee; R. Ramamirtham; D.K. Coats; E.L. Smith, III
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • L.–F. Hung
    College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX
    Vision CRC, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
  • Y. Qiao–Grider
    College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX
    Vision CRC, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
  • C.–S. Kee
    College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX
    Vision CRC, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
  • R. Ramamirtham
    College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX
    Vision CRC, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
  • D.K. Coats
    Department of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
  • E.L. Smith, III
    College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX
    Vision CRC, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships  L. Hung, None; Y. Qiao–Grider, None; C. Kee, None; R. Ramamirtham, None; D.K. Coats, None; E.L. Smith III, None.
  • Footnotes
    Support  NIH Grant EY03611, EY07551
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science May 2005, Vol.46, 2281. doi:
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      L.–F. Hung, Y. Qiao–Grider, C.–S. Kee, R. Ramamirtham, D.K. Coats, E.L. Smith, III; Contributions of the Fovea and Peripheral Retina to the Emmetropization Process in Monkeys . Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2005;46(13):2281.

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Abstract

Abstract: : Purpose: Because of the prominence of central vision, it has been assumed that foveal mechanisms play an important role in the emmetropization process. Monkeys with foveal ablations, however, recover from form–deprivation myopia, suggesting that the fovea is not essential for emmetropization. The purpose of this study was to explore the contributions of the fovea and the peripheral retina to emmetropization. Methods: Photocoagulation using a frequency–doubled Nd–YAG or argon laser was employed to ablate the central 4–6 degrees of retina (n = 3) or the mid– to far–periphery (n = 5) in one eye of infant rhesus monkeys, at 3 weeks of age. Peripheral ablations extended from approximately 3 disc diameters from the fovea to the ora serrata. Fellow untreated eyes were followed as controls. The refractive status, corneal curvature and axial dimension of each eye were measured every 2–3 weeks for 5 months. Results: Foveal ablations had no apparent effect on emmetropization. As in normal monkeys, no systematic interocular differences in refractive error or axial dimension were observed. Peripheral ablations were associated with a complex series of alterations. Two weeks after the peripheral ablation, treated eyes, in comparison to their fellow control eyes, were consistently more hyperopic (+3.61 ± 1.77 D) and had shorter vitreous chambers (–0.88 ± 0.37 mm), thicker crystalline lenses (+0.26 ± 0.06 mm), and shallower anterior chambers (–0.26 ± 0.09 mm). Although some of these alterations persisted over time and were likely a direct consequence of the laser procedures, by 5 months of age the average degree of anisometropia had decreased to +1.59 ± 1.27 D, suggesting that some degree of vision–dependent emmetropization was still possible. Conclusions: Though an intact fovea is clearly not essential for emmetropization, peripheral retinal ablation, such as that employed to treat retinopathy of prematurity, can significantly alter refractive development.

Keywords: emmetropization • refractive error development • retinopathy of prematurity 
© 2005, The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc., all rights reserved. Permission to republish any abstract or part of an abstract in any form must be obtained in writing from the ARVO Office prior to publication.
Copyright © 2024 Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.
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