Protective Effect of a Novel Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin (IH636) Extract Against Sodium–Selenite–Induced Cataract In Rat Eyes

Abstract

Abstract: : Purpose: Sodium selenite is a cataractogenic agent commonly used in experimental studies. Selenite administration results in lipid peroxidaiton in lenses and causes hydrogen peroxide (H202) formation in aqueous humor. Grape seed proanthocyanidins have been reported to possess a broad spectrum of pharmacological and medicinal properties against oxidative stress and IH636 extract provides protection against free radicals in both in vitro and in vivo models. In this study, we assessed whether subcutaneous administration of a novel grape seed proanthocyanidin (IH636) extract prevents cataract formation in a selenite–induced experimental cataract. Methods: Thirthy newborn rats were randomly assigned into 3 equal groups. In group 1, sodium selenite (30 nmol/g body weight) was injected subcutaneously. In group 2, subcutaneous sodium selenite was injected and oral proanthocyanidin extract (100 mg/kg body weight) was given. Group 3 received only subcutaneous saline injections. The development of cataract was assessed weekly for 3 weeks. The litters were killed then and their eyes were enucleated for glutathione (GSH) measurment. Results: Group 2 rats had clear lenses or minor cataract. All group 1 rats developed more severe cataract. The between–group difference was significant (p<0.05). All control lenses were clear. The mean GSH level in Group 1 (1038 µmol/g wet weigh) was significantly lower than that in Group 2 (1072 µmol/g wet weigh) and controls (1193.25 µmol/g wet weigh). Conclusions: The novel grape seed proanthocyanidine extract effectively supressed cataract formation in rats. The protective effect was supported by lower GSH in Group 1 than in Group 2, suggesting the antioxidant efficacy of this agent.

Keywords: cataract • drug toxicity/drug effects • oxidation/oxidative or free radical damage