Abstract
Abstract: :
Purpose:Previous studies have developed a method of orbital endoscopy in fresh human cadavers. The Free Electron Laser (FEL) has been used to perform optic nerve sheath fenestration (ONSF) through an orbital endoscope in cadavers. This study was conducted to trial our method of orbital endoscopy in a live animal model. Methods:An experimental study utilizing an author–designed laser delivery system through an endoscope was conducted. Four pigs had orbital endoscopy performed. An ONSF was performed using the FEL (6.45 µm, 30 Hz, 2–3mJ, 250 µm spot size) through a glass–hollow waveguide introduced through an endoscope in eight orbits of four pigs. An Olympus HYF–XP flexible endoscope was used in 2 pigs and a rigid Storz Pedi cystourethroscope was used in 2 pigs. Results:A dural window could be made using the FEL energy through a glass–hollow waveguide through either endoscope. However, visualization was much clearer with the rigid endoscope. Histologic evidence of the ONSF was obtained with hematoxylin and eosin stained serial sections. Conclusions:Our method of orbital endoscopy developed in cadaver models was successful in a live animal model. ONSF using the FEL applied via an endoscope is possible in a live animal model.
Keywords: neuro–ophthalmology: optic nerve • laser • orbit