May 2004
Volume 45, Issue 13
Free
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   May 2004
COMPARISON OF EMMETROPIZATION BETWEEN TWO SUBSPECIES OF INFANT RHESUS MONKEYS
Y. Qiao; L.–F. Hung; C.–S. Kee; R. Ramamirtham; E.L. Smith III
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • Y. Qiao
    College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX
    Vision CRC, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
  • L.–F. Hung
    College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX
    Vision CRC, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
  • C.–S. Kee
    College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX
    Vision CRC, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
  • R. Ramamirtham
    College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX
    Vision CRC, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
  • E.L. Smith III
    College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX
    Vision CRC, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships  Y. Qiao, None; L. Hung, None; C. Kee, None; R. Ramamirtham, None; E.L. Smith III, None.
  • Footnotes
    Support  NIH Grants EY03611 and EY07146
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science May 2004, Vol.45, 4283. doi:
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      Y. Qiao, L.–F. Hung, C.–S. Kee, R. Ramamirtham, E.L. Smith III; COMPARISON OF EMMETROPIZATION BETWEEN TWO SUBSPECIES OF INFANT RHESUS MONKEYS . Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2004;45(13):4283.

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Abstract

Abstract: : Purpose: Two subspecies of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), one that originated in India and the other in China, are commonly employed in vision research. Previous studies have shown that these two subspecies exhibit substantial morphological and behavioral differences. The purpose of this study was to compare the course of emmetropization in these two subspecies of rhesus monkeys. Methods: The subjects, which were reared in a normal laboratory setting, were 10 Indian–derived (male = 5, female =5) and 5 Chinese–derived rhesus monkeys (male =3, female =2). Beginning at about 3 weeks of age, normal refractive development was assessed periodically by cycloplegic retinoscopy, keratometry, video–based ophthalmophakometry, and A–scan ultrasonography. Results:Although the general course of emmetropization was very similar in these two groups of rhesus monkeys, there were some consistent and significant inter–group differences in ocular dimensions and refractive error. Throughout the observation period the Chinese–derived monkeys had substantially larger eyes and were on average about 0.4 D less hyperopic than the Indian–derived monkeys. Overall axial length was about 1 mm longer in the Chinese rhesus monkeys. These greater axial lengths were due to deeper anterior and vitreous chamber depths and thicker crystalline lenses. In comparison to the Indian–derived monkeys, the Chinese–derived monkeys also had flatter corneas and lower powered crystalline lens. Conclusions: Although the ocular differences observed in this study appear to reflect differences between subspecies, our animals were derived from isolated colonies and therefore the observed disparities could reflect genetic differences between colonies rather than true subspecies’ differences. Nonetheless, the substantial ocular differences that we observed emphasize that caution must be exercised when comparing and/or pooling data between different subspecies of rhesus monkeys or between rhesus monkeys obtained from different colonies.

Keywords: emmetropization • refractive error development • myopia 
© 2004, The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc., all rights reserved. Permission to republish any abstract or part of an abstract in any form must be obtained in writing from the ARVO Office prior to publication.
Copyright © 2025 Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.
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