Abstract
Abstract: :
Purpose: The present study was carried out to delineate the ocular pharmacokinetics of ganciclovir (GCV) after intravitreal administration. Another objective was to achieve sustained therapeutic concentrations of GCV in the vitreous over a prolonged period of time using its acyl monoester prodrugs (acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate). Methods: New Zealand albino male rabbits (2-2.5 kg) were kept under anesthesia. A concentric microdialysis probe was implanted in the vitreous using 21-guage needle and a linear microdialysis probe was implanted in the anterior chamber across the cornea using a 25-guage needle. The probes were perfused with isotonic phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4) at a flow rate of 2 µl/min. The drugs were administered (0.2 µmoles) intravitreally and the samples were collected every 20 min over a period of 10 hr. Results: The vitreal terminal elimination half-life (t1/2ß) of GCV was found to be 426 109 min. The hydrolysis rate and vitreal clearance of the prodrugs increased with the ascending ester chain length. The vitreal elimination half-lives (t1/2k10) of GCV, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate esters of GCV were 170 37 min, 117 50 min, 122 13 min, 55 26 min, and 107 14 min, respectively. Conclusion: A parabolic relationship was observed between the vitreal elimination rate constant and the ester chain length. Mean residence time (MRT) of the regenerated GCV after prodrug administration was found to be 3 - 4 times the value obtained after GCV injection. The ester prodrugs generated therapeutic concentrations of GCV in vivo. These studies have shown that the MRT of GCV could be enhanced by 3 - 4 fold through prodrug modification.
Keywords: 322 antiviral drugs • 554 retina • 382 cytomegalovirus