Abstract
Abstract: :
Purpose: To study the incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and systemic risk factors in a sample of 1874 patients in a rural population of Valladolid (Spain). A Campaign to prevent blindness caused by DR has been held in the rural area of Valladolid (Spain) since 1993. Methods: The study of incidence of DR was limited to the cohort of 1515 patients without DR in the first examination and followed during 2.2 years. Univariate analyses and multiple logistic regression were used to assess the independent effect of the variables on the presence of retinopathy. Results: The global incidence of DR was 15.8%, CI95% (13.9,17.6). Cumulative incidence in type 2 of diabetes was 13.4%, in type 2 insulin-dependent 30.9% and in type 1 of diabetes 27.1%. In type 2, increased risk of incidence of DR was found with the presence of duration of diabetes longer than 10 years OR 1.57 (1.03-2.39), the presence of neuropathy OR 2.21 (1.12-4.38) and oral treatment versus diet treatment OR 2.11 (1.42-3.14) in the multivariate model. Bad glycemic control also increased the risk in the multivariate analyses. In type 2 insulin-dependent, the presence of longer duration of diabetes, hypertension and nephropathy were also significant systemic factors. In type 1 patients we observed the same results despite the limitation of size sample. Conclusion: This population based study confirms that longer duration of diabetes and poor glycemic control are associated with a higher incidence of DR in type 2 diabetic patients, as previouly described in other studies. We have found that neuropathy and hypertension are also significant systemic factors.
Keywords: 354 clinical (human) or epidemiologic studies: prevalence/incidence • 388 diabetic retinopathy