The NRTIs 3TC, AZT, and ABC (SelleckChem, Houston, TX, USA) or the P2X7 antagonist A438079 hydrochloride (Tocris, Minneapolis, MN, USA) were dissolved in PBS. For CNV, each group of mice was injected once with 1 μL of NRTIs (3TC, 125 ng/μL; ABC, 183 ng/μL; AZT, 146 ng/μL), 1 μL of A438079 hydrochloride (3, 30, or 300 ng/μL), or the same volume of vehicle (PBS) into the vitreous humor using a 33-gauge needle (Ito Corp., Tokyo, Japan) immediately after laser injury. Another group of mice was injected with 3TC (125 ng) in combination with an anti-mouse VEGF polyclonal antibody (10 ng; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA). Goat whole IgG (10 ng; Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA, USA) was used as a biological control for the anti-mouse VEGF antibody.