Abstract
Purpose :
To investigate the frequency of bacterial species that were cultured from vitreous specimens during a fifteen-year period. To establish an antibiotic susceptibility report for vitreous bacterial cultures obtained over this period. The data are also analyzed in 5-year trends in order to assess if changes have taken place in microbial prevalence and with antibiotic susceptibilities.
Methods :
This is a retrospective analysis. Data was obtained from the microbiology department from results of vitreous bacterial cultures from January 1, 2000 to June 8, 2014. Charts were not reviewed and protected health information was not disclosed; therefore, institutional review board was not utilized.
Results :
92 positive vitreous bacterial cultures and antibiotic susceptibilities to clinically relevant antibiotics were analyzed. The frequency of bacterial species are as follows: coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (49/92, 53.3%), of those, 30.6% were Staph. epidermidis; Viridans group Streptococcus (13/92, 14.1%); Enterococcus faecalis (7/92, 7.6%); Strep. pneumoniae (4/92, 4.3%); MSSA (6/92, 6.5%); MRSA (3/92, 3.3%); Proteus mirabilis (3/92, 3.3%); Bacillus species (2/92, 2.2%); Corynebacterium species, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacteroides fragilis and Moraxella catarrhalis (each 1, 1.1%).
The results are partitioned into three groups according to 5-year periods (2000-04, 2005-09 and 2010-14). The 3 tables in Figure 1 display the results. Of note, ciprofloxacin susceptibility decreased from 63.6 to 50.0 to 25.0% during the three 5-year periods. Levofloxacin susceptibility decreased from 79.5 to 64.7 to 46.2%. Moxifloxacin susceptibility decreased from 77.8 to 66.7 to 47.1%. Gatifloxacin susceptibility decreased from 80.0 to 70.0% during the first two 5-year periods.
Conclusions :
Establishing a susceptibility report for the hospital provides valuable data for ophthalmic practitioners who practice in this region. The data can also be compared to vitreous bacterial cultures from other regions. The analysis provides trends of antibiotic susceptibilities and, in doing so, displays a decrease in susceptibility among all generations of fluoroquinolones. This is interesting to note because fluoroquinolones are routinely used topically to prevent post-cataract endophthalmitis and systemically to prevent post-traumatic endophthalmitis in the setting of globe trauma.
This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2016 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Seattle, Wash., May 1-5, 2016.