Abstract
Purpose :
Determine the visual rehabilitation using non-invasive methods in patients diagnosed with keratoconus and his visual prognosis in relation to keratoconus stage.
Methods :
A cross-sectional, observational, prospective and analytical study was performed. All patients diagnosed with keratoconus rehabilitated by non-invasive methods were included.
Data collection was carried out through a logbook implemented in the cornea department, information was corroborated with the clinical files. Statistical analysis was performed by STATA 18, giving a p=0.05.
The variables studied were age, keratoconus stage according to Amsler Krumeich classification, visual acuity, visual capacity and type of correction used: spectacles, soft toric contact lens or rigid gas permeable.
Also the base curve of contact lens, visual acuity and the improvement of the visual capacity was analyzed according to the degree of keratoconus; expressed in logMAR. Visual rehabilitation was defined as a visual capacity of 20/40 or better.
Results :
61 eyes were analyzed, with a mean age of 28.36 years (11 to 62), the visual capacity improvement had a mean of 10.19 logMAR points (0 a 20). Regarding to the keratoconus stage it was observed an average of 2.52, being 15 eyes stage 1, 16 eyes stage 2, 13 stage 3 and 17 stage 4.
The base curve of rigid contact lens was assessed in 22 eyes of the 61 studied. It was found an average of 7.53 (6.30-8.50) in all keratoconus stages. In grade 1, an average of 8.28, 7.58 in stage 2, 7.19 in stage 3 and 7.52 in stage 4.
Using Spearman test, a p value of 0.001 was found in the correlation between keratoconus stage and visual capacity with the best correction. 19 eyes were rehabilitated with spectacles, 6 with soft toric contact lenses and 36 with rigid gas permeable contact lenses.
Fifteen eyes from the total did not reach a visual capacity of 20/40 or better, from which one eye corresponds to stage 1, 3 eyes to stage 2, 3 to stage 3 and 8 to stage 4.
In keratoconus grade 4, eight from the 9 eyes rehabilitated with rigid gas permeable contact lens.
Conclusions :
In conclusion a significant correlation was found between keratoconus stage and visual capacity, having a excellent visual improvement the eyes with stage 1, very good stage 2 and 3; and deficient in stage 4.
Rigid gas permeable contact lenses is the most used and the best way to improve visual capacity in patients diagnosed with keratoconus.
This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2016 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Seattle, Wash., May 1-5, 2016.