September 2016
Volume 57, Issue 12
Open Access
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   September 2016
Treatment of convergence insufficiency exotropia in adults using a selective muscle fiber surgery treatment algorithm
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • Melinda Fry
    Ophthalmology, UCLA Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States
  • Stacy Pineles
    Ophthalmology, UCLA Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States
  • Federico Velez
    Ophthalmology, UCLA Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships   Melinda Fry, None; Stacy Pineles, None; Federico Velez, None
  • Footnotes
    Support  None
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science September 2016, Vol.57, 2442. doi:
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      Melinda Fry, Stacy Pineles, Federico Velez; Treatment of convergence insufficiency exotropia in adults using a selective muscle fiber surgery treatment algorithm. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2016;57(12):2442.

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      © ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)

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Abstract

Purpose : Treatment of diplopia in adults with convergence insufficiency (CI) exotropia is challenging as surgery frequently results in distance and lateral gaze esotropia. Recent evidence demonstrates differential compartmental function of extraocular muscle fiber groups. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a treatment algorithm for convergence insufficiency (CI) exotropia using surgery on selective muscle fiber groups.

Methods : Seven adults with a near distance disparity (NDD) >= 8Δ were included in this retrospective study. Patients with a NDD<15Δ and a distance deviation of <10Δ were treated with lateral rectus (LR) inferior marginal tenotomy, those with NDD>15Δ and distance deviation of >10Δ were treated with LR slanted recessions, and those with limitation in adduction with negative forced duction testing were treated with medial rectus (MR) inferior fiber plication. Success was defined <8Δ of exotropia (XT) at distance and near without overcorrection, and a NDD<=8Δ.

Results : Postoperatively the mean distance deviation was reduced from 8.29±7.60Δ to an overcorrection of 5.85±17.32Δ, and the near deviation from 21.00±10.55Δ to an overcorrection of 2.57±12.31Δ. The NDD was reduced from 12.71±3.35 to 3.29±5.62Δ. Six of the 7 (85.71%) patients met criteria for success. One subject was overcorrected at near and distance at post-operative month one requiring reoperation.

Conclusions : CI exotropia remains a surgical challenge. Treatment may be optimized when using an individualized approach favoring selective lateral rectus and medial rectus procedures when possible. Preliminary data reveal that selective techniques eliminate diplopia while collapsing NDD in patients with CI exotropia. A focused algorithm will help surgeons select the procedure most likely to benefit each individual patient.

This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2016 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Seattle, Wash., May 1-5, 2016.

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