Abstract
Purpose :
To evaluate the association between consumption of coffee, tea, or soft drinks and glaucoma in participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Methods :
This retrospective cross-sectional study examined the association between consumption of coffee, tea, or soft drinks and glaucoma in 2005-2006 NHANES participants. Participants with optic disc photographs and FDT visual fields available in the 2005–2006 NHANES sample were included in the study. Participants with the following characteristics were excluded: (1) missing optic disc photographs or FDT visual fields; (2) age <40 years, because optic disc photographs and FDT visual fields were not collected for participants under age 40; and (3) documented alternative explanation for cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) findings (dysplastic disc or marked anisometropia) or for a visual field defect (retinal vascular disease, macular degeneration, or cerebrovascular disease). The exposures of interest were caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee, iced tea, hot tea, and soft drinks. The outcome of interest was a clinical diagnosis of glaucoma based on the Rotterdam criteria. Logistic regression modeling was performed to assess the association between the frequency of consumption of each type of beverage and glaucoma, while controlling for age, body mass index, gender, ethnicity, smoking status, and diabetes. All estimates were weighted based on the multistage NHANES sampling design.
Results :
Among a total of 1678 survey participants who met the inclusion criteria, the overall prevalence of glaucoma was 5.0% (n = 84) with a weighted prevalence of 3.2% (n = 2,657,336). The majority of participants were non-Hispanic white (n = 892; 53.2%). There were no statistically significant associations between consumption of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee, iced tea, and soft drinks and glaucoma. Participants who consumed at least one cup of caffeinated hot tea daily were 0.26 times as likely to have glaucoma compared to those who did not consume caffeinated hot tea (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.09, 0.72); however, no statistically significant association existed for decaffeinated hot tea and glaucoma (OR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.23, 3.23).
Conclusions :
In NHANES, participants who consumed caffeinated hot tea daily were less likely to have glaucoma than those who did not consume hot tea. Further research into this finding is warranted.
This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2017 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Baltimore, MD, May 7-11, 2017.