July 2018
Volume 59, Issue 9
Open Access
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   July 2018
Does diabetes make a difference in dry eye?
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • Scott Schwartz
    Private Practice, Sterling Heights, Michigan, United States
  • Clare Halleran
    Private Practice, Clarenville, Newfoundland, Canada
  • Tracy Doll
    College of Optometry, Pacific University Oregon, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
  • Jennifer S Harthan
    Illinois College of Optometry, Chicago, Illinois, United States
  • Matthew T Williams
    Eyecare, New York Hotel Trades Council Health Centers, New York, New York, United States
  • Leslie E O'Dell
    Private Practice, Manchester, Pennsylvania, United States
  • Natalie Bernabe
    Private Practice, Azusa, California, United States
  • Milton M Hom
    Private Practice, Azusa, California, United States
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships   Scott Schwartz, None; Clare Halleran, Allergan (C), Shire Canada (C); Tracy Doll, Allergan (C), Shire (C); Jennifer Harthan, Allergan (C), Metro (R), Metro (C), Shire (C), Tangible Science (R), Valeant (C); Matthew Williams, None; Leslie O'Dell, Aerie (C), Alcon (R), Allergan (C), Eye Eco (C), Johnson & Johnson (R), Paragon Biotech (C), Quidel (C), Shire (C); Natalie Bernabe, None; Milton Hom, AGN (C), AGN (F), Bausch and Lomb (C), Kala (F), Shire (F), Shire (C), Sun (C)
  • Footnotes
    Support  None
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science July 2018, Vol.59, 956. doi:
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      Scott Schwartz, Clare Halleran, Tracy Doll, Jennifer S Harthan, Matthew T Williams, Leslie E O'Dell, Natalie Bernabe, Milton M Hom; Does diabetes make a difference in dry eye?. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2018;59(9):956.

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      © ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)

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Abstract

Purpose :

Previous studies have shown that corneal sensitivity and tear production is reduced in diabetes, and that meibomian gland dysfunction is associated with diabetes. This observational clinical study aimed to determine if there was a reduction in symptoms which led to an underdiagnosis of diabetic dry eye disease, as well as determine similarities and differences between the diabetic and the non-diabetic dry eye disease.

Methods : This was a multicenter study with data collection from 7 different sites. All subjects were asked to complete the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), and Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ), lissamine green staining graded on a 0-4 scale across 6 areas of the conjunctiva and 5 corneal zones, meibography, meibomian gland expression, Non-Invasive Breakup Time (NIBUT) (Oculus Keratograph 5M) and Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)(A1cNow PTS Diagnostics).

Results : 81 patients were enrolled if they were either previously identified as diabetic or pre-diabetic (DM), had dry eye disease (DED), or both (DMDED). In the DM cohort (n=37), 19 were found to have dry eye based on DEWS II criteria. (OSDI ≥13 and at least 9 spots of conjunctival staining) an undiagnosed rate of 51.3% of diabetic patients. In the DMDED cohort, there was significantly less self reported redness compared to DED cohort (DMDED mean (µ)= 0.82 Standard Deviation(σ)=0.90, DED µ=1.33 σ=0.91; p=0.05). DMDED cohort also had significantly worse conjunctival staining (DMDED µ=13.42 σ=10.13, DED µ=8.33 =6.04; p=0.03). There was an increased directional trend with self-reported itching in compared to the DED cohort (DMDED µ=1.65 =1.29, DED µ=1.05 σ=1.07; p=.07). In the DMDED cohort, higher HbA1c was moderately associated with OSDI (r=0.52, p=0.0077). There was no statistical difference between DM, DED, and DMDED patients with respect to pain sensitivity, meibomian gland structure, or NIBUT.

Conclusions : Although there is a strong overlap in signs and symptoms of diabetes associated with DED and DMDED patients, there are differences in staining and self-reported redness. Decreased redness may be related to vascular changes seen in diabetes and may merit further study. Our study also showed a large percentage of dry eye in patients with diabetes goes undiagnosed based on DEWS II criteria. The addition of a questionnaire for dry eye diagnosis may be useful in regular clinical practice for patients with diabetes.

This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2018 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Honolulu, Hawaii, April 29 - May 3, 2018.

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