Abstract
Purpose :
We developed a new smartphone application “DryEyeRhythm” for assessing dry eye disease (DED) using ResearchKit, incorporating the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and lifestyle habit monitoring. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between subjective symptoms of DED and lifestyle habits using the iPhone application.
Methods :
We conducted an observational study between November 2016 and April 2016, investigating factors including OSDI and lifestyle habits (contact lenses, smoking, screen time, coffee intake, exercise, and sleep). The OSDI measurement in DryEyeRhythm was validated (γ=0.75). We defined an OSDI score greater than 33 as severe DED. We calculated the odds ratio for each lifestyle factor adjusted for age and sex to OSDI scores over 33 using the logistic regression model.
Results :
Of the 8,849 participants (median age 23 years, male 62.6%), 2,529 (28.6%) had an OSDI score greater than 33. The age-sex adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) and P value for each lifestyle habit for patients with OSDI scores over 33 are (i) contact lenses, 1.19 (1.08 - 1.31), P <0.001, (ii) smoking, 1.61 (1.42 - 1.82 ), P <0.001, (iii) screen time (every hour / day increase), 1.03 (1.01-1.04), P <0.001, (iv) coffee intake (every 1 cup / day increase), 1.05 (1.00- 1.10), P = 0.041, (v) periodic exercise, 0.87 (0.78 - 0.96), P = 0.006 and vi) sleep time (every hour increase), 0.98 (0.97 - 1.00), P = 0.048.
Conclusions :
Our large-scale clinical research using the iPhone application suggests that contact lenses, smoking, longer screen time, and frequent coffee intake may be risk factors for worsening dry eye disease. Regular exercise and more sleep may prevent progression of dry eye disease.
This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2018 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Honolulu, Hawaii, April 29 - May 3, 2018.