atRAL, Mito-TEMPO, Ca-074-Me, pepstatin A, anti-ZO-1, and AC-YVAD-CMK were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). MCC950 was purchased from Selleck (Shanghai, China). CY-09 was provided by the Xianming Deng Laboratory (School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian, China). NAC was purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). MitoTracker, LysoTracker, ER-Tracker, and anti-β-actin (catalog no. 30102ES40) were obtained from Yeasen Corporation (Shanghai, China). The following antibodies were used: anti-GAPDH (catalog no. 5174S, RRID: AB_10622025; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-NLRP3 (Cryo-2, catalog no. AG-20B-0014, RRID: AB_2490202; AdipoGen, Liestal, Switzerland), anti-cleaved Caspase-1 (human, catalog no. AG-20B-0048, RRID: AB_2490257; AdipoGen), anti-IL-1β (catalog no. 12242, RRID: AB_2715503; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-cleaved Caspase-3 (catalog no. 9664, RRID: AB_2070042; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) (catalog no. 5625, RRID: AB_10699459; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-cathepsin B (D1C7Y, catalog no. 31718, RRID: AB_2687580; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-IL-18 (catalog no. D120831; BBI Life Sciences, Shanghai, China), anti-cathepsin D (catalog no. ab75852, RRID: AB_1523267; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), anti-gasdermin D (GSDMD) (catalog no. ab209845, RRID: AB_2783550), anti-DFNA5 (gasdermin E [GSDME]) (catalog no. ab215191, RRID: AB_2737000; Abcam), anti-ASC (catalog no. sc-22514-R, RRID: AB_2174874; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), and anti-RPE65 (catalog no. 17939-1-AP, RRID: AB_2285290; Proteintech, Wuhan, Hubei, China).