July 2019
Volume 60, Issue 9
Open Access
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   July 2019
Fixational Eye Movements Following Concussion
Bianca Leonard; Min Zhang; Valerie Snyder; Cyndi Holland; Ethan Bensinger; Christy K Sheehy; Michael Collins; Anthony Kontos; Ethan A Rossi
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • Bianca Leonard
    Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
  • Min Zhang
    Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
  • Valerie Snyder
    Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
  • Cyndi Holland
    Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
  • Ethan Bensinger
    Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
  • Christy K Sheehy
    Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
  • Michael Collins
    Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
  • Anthony Kontos
    Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
  • Ethan A Rossi
    Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
    Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships   Bianca Leonard, C. Light Technologies, Inc. (F); Min Zhang, C. Light Technologies, Inc. (F); Valerie Snyder, C. Light Technologies, Inc. (F); Cyndi Holland, C. Light Technologies, Inc. (F); Ethan Bensinger, C. Light Technologies, Inc. (F); Christy Sheehy, C. Light Technologies, Inc. (I), C. Light Technologies, Inc. (P); Michael Collins, C. Light Technologies, Inc. (F), ImPACT (I); Anthony Kontos, C. Light Technologies, Inc. (F); Ethan Rossi, C. Light Technologies, Inc. (F)
  • Footnotes
    Support  Grant from C. Light Technologies, Inc. to EAR. Departmental startup funds from the University of Pittsburgh to EAR. NIH CORE Grant P30 EY08098 to the University of Pittsburgh Department of Ophthalmology, the Eye and Ear Foundation of Pittsburgh, and from an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, New York, N.Y., USA.
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science July 2019, Vol.60, 1035. doi:
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      Bianca Leonard, Min Zhang, Valerie Snyder, Cyndi Holland, Ethan Bensinger, Christy K Sheehy, Michael Collins, Anthony Kontos, Ethan A Rossi; Fixational Eye Movements Following Concussion. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2019;60(9):1035.

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Abstract

Purpose : To determine whether fixational eye movements (FEMs) are altered following concussion.

Methods : Fixational eye movements (FEMs) were measured in 50 patients with a diagnosed concussion and 45 age- and gender-matched controls aged 13-27 years. All concussion patients completed a comprehensive clinical evaluation that included the Vestibular Oculomotor Screening (VOMS), Post-concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS), and Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) for comparison with FEM metrics. Fixational eye motion was measured using a tracking scanning laser ophthalmoscope (TSLO) in several 30 second trials. TSLO image sequences were used to compute eye motion by tracking retinal motion at a rate of 480 Hz and with an accuracy of ~0.2 arcmin. Eye traces were analyzed to compute FEM metrics, including: microsaccade rate, amplitude, peak velocity and peak acceleration. Spread of fixation was evaluated by computing the bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA). Blink rate and average blink duration were also computed. Concussion patients were imaged twice: post-injury and post-clinical clearance to return to work/play.

Results : Microsaccades were larger (amplitude - controls: 0.423° SD: 0.16 n = 20; concussion: 0.505° SD: 0.20 n = 20; clearance: 0.453° SD: 0.13 n = 14) and faster (peak velocity - control: 29.9°/sec SD: 10.6; concussion: 33.4°/sec SD: 11.4; clearance: 32.0 °/sec SD: 8.91; peak acceleration - control: 6.33°/sec2 SD: 2.94; concussion: 8.04°/sec2 SD:3.96; clearance: 6.13°/sec2 SD: 1.73) in concussed participants compared to controls and clearance visits. Fixational spread in concussed participants was larger, with BCEA 1.84 times larger in concussed participants compared to controls and 1.81 times larger in concussed participants at their first visit than their second visit (concussed: 0.404 deg2; control: 0.218 deg2 clearance: 0.223 deg2).

Conclusions : Concussed participants have altered FEMs compared to controls. Precise measurement of FEMs using TSLO may be useful for evaluating concussion and monitoring recovery. Our ongoing work aims to correlate altered FEMs with concussion characteristics, such as mechanism of injury, and clinical evaluations such as VOMS, PCSS and ImPACT.

This abstract was presented at the 2019 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Vancouver, Canada, April 28 - May 2, 2019.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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Copyright © 2024 Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.
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